====== Rice (//Oryza// spp.) ====== Author: Ralf Koebnik\\ Internal reviewer: FIXME \\ Expert reviewer: FIXME **Additional information on rice resistance genes can be found at the [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/|Oryzabase]] database (Kurata & Yamazaki, 2006).** ===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// ===== ==== Resistance gene: //Xa1// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Temperate //japonica// rice cultivar Kogyoku from Japan (Sakaguchi, 1967). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 4 (Sakaguchi, 1967). Cloned and sequenced (Yoshimura //et al//., 1998). === Molecular markers === RAPD markers (Yoshimura //et al//., 1995). === Brief description === NB-LRR class protein (Yoshimura //et al//., 1998). Cognate avirulence genes: TAL effector genes. Neutralized by interfering TAL effectors, so-called iTALEs or truncTALEs (Ji //et al.//, 2016; Read //et al.//, 2016). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa1/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa2// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice cultivar Te-tep from Vietnam (Sakaguchi, 1967). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on the long arm of chromosome 4 (He //et al//., 2006). Cloned and sequenced (Ji //et al//., 2020). === Molecular markers === SSR markers (He //et al//., 2006). === Brief description === Allelic to //Xa1// (Ji //et al.//, 2020). NB-LRR class protein (Ji //et al//., 2020). Cognate avirulence genes: TAL effector genes. Neutralized by interfering TAL effectors, so-called iTALEs or truncTALEs (Ji //et al.//, 2016; Read //et al.//, 2016). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa3// ==== === Synonyms === //Xa-w// (Ezuka //et al//., 1975). === Source === //Japonica// rice cultivar Wase Aikoku 3 from Japan (Ezuka //et al//., 1975). Other cultivars: Chugoku 45 (Ogawa //et al//., 1986a), Java 14 (Ogawa //et al//., 1986a). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Yoshimura //et al//., 1992). Cloned and sequenced (Sun //et al//., 2004; Xiang //et al//., 2006). === Molecular markers === RFLP marker (Yoshimura //et al//., 1995), PCR-based SNP markers (Hur //et al//., 2013). === Brief description === Allelic to //Xa6// (Ogawa //et al//., 1986b); allelic to //Xa26// (Xiang //et al//., 2006); NB-LRR class protein. Cognate avirulence gene: //avrXa3// (Li //et al.//, 2004). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa26~Xa3/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa4// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice accession TKM 6 from India. Other accessions: IR 20, IR 22. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Wang //et al.//, 2001; Sun //et al.//, 2003). Cloned and sequenced (Hu //et al.//, 2017). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === Wall-associated kinase (WAK) (Hu //et al.//, 2017). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa4/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa5// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice accession DZ192 from Bangladesh. Other accessions: DV85, DV86, DZ78. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 5. Cloned and sequenced (Iyer & McCouch, 2004). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === TFIIAγ5 transcription factor (Iyer & McCouch, 2004; Jiang //et al.//, 2006). Direct interaction of several TALEs with TFIIAγ5 is required for activation of disease susceptibility genes (Yuan //et al.//, 2016). Suppression or mutation of TFIIAγ5 can also reduce bacterial streak, another disease of rice caused by TALE-carrying //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// (Yuan //et al.//, 2016). Cognate avirulence genes: //avrxa5//, //pthXo6//, //pthXo7// (Sugio //et al.//, 2007; Zou //et al.//, 2010). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa5/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa6// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice cultivar Zenith from U.S.A. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Sidhu //et al.//, 1978). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa7// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice accession DZ78 from Bangladesh. Other accessions: DV85, DV86. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Sidhu //et al.//, 1978). Mapped on chromosome 6 (Lee & Khush, 2000; Porter //et al.//, 2003). Cloned & sequenced (Chen //et al.//, 2021; Luo //et al.//, 2021). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === Cognate avirulence genes: //avrXa7//, //pthXo3// (Hopkins //et al.//, 1992; Yang //et al.//, 2000; Yang & White, 2004). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa8// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice accession PI231129 from U.S.A. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Sidhu //et al.//, 1978). Mapped on chromosome 7 (Singh //et al.//, 2002). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa9// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice cultivar Khao Lay Nhay from Laos. Other rice cultivar: Sateng. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Singh //et al.//, 1983; Ogawa //et al.//, 1988). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa10// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice accession Cas 209 from Senegal. Xa10-like genes in rice cultivar Nipponbare (Wang //et al.//, 2017). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Yoshimura //et al.//, 1983). Cloned and sequenced (Tian //et al.//, 2014). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === The TAL effector-dependent resistance protein XA10 triggers cell death and calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (Tian //et al.//, 2014). The predicted membrane protein shares 50% sequence identity with the executor R protein XA23 (Wang //et al.//, 2015). Induction of //Xa10//-like genes in the rice cultivar Nipponbare confers disease resistance to bacterial blight (Wang //et al.//, 2017). Cognate avirulence gene: //avrXa10//. === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/XA10/|FunRiceGenes]]. Nipponbare: [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa10-Ni/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa11// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice accessions IR8 and IR944 from the Philippines. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 3 (Mew, 1987). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa12// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Temperate //japonica// rice cultivar Kogyoku from Japan. Other cultivars: Te-tep, Java-14. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 4 (Mew, 1987). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa13// ==== === Synonyms === //Os-11N8//, //OsSWEET11//. === Source === Rice cultivar BJ1 from India. Other cultivar: Chinsurah Boro II. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 8 (Chu //et al.//, 2006). Cloned and sequenced (Yang //et al.//, 2006; Yuan //et al.//, 2009). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === SWEET-type protein. The XA13 protein may cooperate with two other proteins, COPT1 and COPT5, to promote removal of copper from xylem vessels (Yuan //et al.//, 2010). Cognate avirulence gene: //pthXo1// (Yang //et al.//, 2006). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa14// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Japonica// rice accession TN1 from Taiwan. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 4 (Bao //et al.//, 2010). Cloned and sequenced (Ji //et al//., 2020). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === Allelic to //Xa1// (Ji //et al.//, 2020). NB-LRR class protein (Ji //et al//., 2020). Cognate avirulence genes: TAL effector genes. Neutralized by interfering TAL effectors, so-called iTALEs or truncTALEs (Ji //et al.//, 2016; Read //et al.//, 2016). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa15// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === XM41 mutant. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === //NA// (Nakai //et al.//, 1988; Gnanamanickam //et al.//, 1999). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa16// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice cultivar Te-tep from Vietnam. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Kurata & Yamazaki, 2006). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa17// ==== === Synonyms === //Xa1-as(t)//. === Source === //Japonica// rice cultivar Asominori from South Korea. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 4 (Endo //et al.//, 2009, 2012). === Molecular markers === Ph phenol reaction, which turns rice seeds soaked in phenol solution dark brown; blast resistance gene //Pias(t)//; DNA markers (Ise //et al.//, 1998; Endo //et al.//, 2009, 2012). === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa18// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice accession IR24 from the Philippines and //japonica// rice cultivar Toyonishiki from Japan. Other cultivar: Miyang23. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Liu //et al.//, 2004; Kurata & Yamazaki, 2006) === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa19// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === XM5 (mutant of IR24). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Taura //et al.//, 1991). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa20// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === XM6 (mutant of IR24). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Taura //et al.//, 1992). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa21// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza longistaminata// line from Mali. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Ronald //et al.//, 1992). Cloned and sequenced (Song //et al.//, 1995). === Molecular markers === RAPD and RFLP markers (Ronald //et al.//, 1992). Intragenic AFLP marker (Nanayakkara //et al.//, 2020). === Brief description === Cognate avirulence gene: //raxX// (Pruitt //et al.//, 2015). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/xa21/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa22// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Japonica// rice cultivar Zhachanglong (ZCL) from China. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Lin //et al.//, 1996). Mapped on chromosome 11 (Lin //et al.//, 1996; Wang //et al.//, 2003; Sun //et al.//, 2004). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa23// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza rufipogon// accession RBB16. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Zhang //et al.//, 1994). Mapped on chromosome 11 (Zhang //et al.//, 1998; Zhang //et al.//, 2001). Cloned and sequenced (Wang //et al.//, 2015). === Molecular markers === SSR markers (Zhang //et al.//, 1998). === Brief description === 113-amino acid protein that shares 50% sequence identity with the executor R protein XA10 (Wang //et al.//, 2015). Cognate avirulence gene: //avrXa23//. === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/XA23/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa24(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice varieties DV85, DV86, Aus 295. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Khush & Angeles, 1999). Mapped on chromosome 2 (Lee & Khush, 2000). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa25// ==== === Synonyms === //OsSWEET13//. === Source === //Indica// rice cultivar Minghui (Chen //et al.//, 2002) and its somaclonal mutant HX-3 (Gao //et al.//, 2001; Gao & Sun, 2003) from China. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Gao //et al.//, 2001; Chen //et al.//, 2002). Mapped on centromeric region of chromosome 12 (Chen //et al.//, 2002; Liu //et al.//, 2011). Cloned and sequenced (Liu //et al.//, 2011). === Molecular markers === RFLP markers (Chen //et al.//, 2002). === Brief description === SWEET-type protein (Liu //et al.//, 2011). Phenomenon of dominance reversal; heterozygous plants are susceptible at an early developmental stage but resistant at a late developmental stage (Liu //et al.//, 2011). Cognate avirulence gene: //pthXo2// (Zhou //et al.//, 2015). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa25~OsSWEET13/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa26// ==== === Synonyms === //Xa3// === Source === Rice cultivar Minghui 63 from China. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 11 (Yang //et al.//, 2003). Cloned and sequenced (Sun //et al.//, 2004). === Molecular markers === RFLP and SSR markers (Yang //et al.//, 2003). === Brief description === NB-LRR class protein (Sun //et al.//, 2004). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa26~Xa3/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa26(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice cultivar Nep Bha Bong To from Vietnam. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Lee //et al.//, 2003). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa27(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice cultivar Arai Raj from Bangladesh. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Lee //et al.//, 2003). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa27// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza minuta// (acc. no. 101141). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Amante-Bordeos //et al.//, 1992). Mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6 (Gu //et al.//, 2004). Cloned and sequenced (Gu //et al.//, 2005). === Molecular markers === AFLP, RAPD and RFLP markers (Gu //et al.//, 2004). === Brief description === Cognate avirulence gene: //avrXa27// (Gu //et al.//, 2005). === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa27/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa28(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice cultivar Lota Sail from Bangladesh. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Lee //et al.//, 2003). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa29(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza officinalis// (B5). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 1 (Tan //et al.//, 2004). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa30(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza rufipogon// (Y238). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Tan //et al.//, 2004). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa31// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Japonica// rice cultivar Zhachanglong (ZCL) from China. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified and mapped on chromosome 4 (Wang //et al.//, 2009). Cloned and sequenced (Ji //et al//., 2020). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === Identical to //Xa2// and allelic to //Xa1// (Ji //et al.//, 2020). NB-LRR class protein (Ji //et al//., 2020). Cognate avirulence genes: TAL effector genes. Neutralized by interfering TAL effectors, so-called iTALEs or truncTALEs (Ji //et al.//, 2016; Read //et al.//, 2016). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa32(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza australiensis// accession C4064. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified and mapped on the long arm of chromosome 11 (Zheng //et al.//, 2009). === Molecular markers === SSR and EST markers (Zheng //et al.//, 2009). === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa33(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Indica// rice cultivar Ba7 from Thailand. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6 (Korinsak //et al.//, 2009; Natraj Kumar //et al.//, 2012). === Molecular markers === SSR markers (Korinsak //et al.//, 2009). === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa34(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza brachyantha// (acc. no. 101232). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Ram //et al.//, 2010). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa35(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza minuta// (acc. no. 101133) from the Philippines. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Guo //et al.//, 2010). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa36(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === Rice accession C4059 from China. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Miao //et al.//, 2010). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa37(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //NA// === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified. === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa38// ==== === Synonyms === //Xa30(t)// === Source === //Oryza nivara// IRGC81825. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Kaur //et al.//, 2006). Mapped on long arm of chromosome 4 (Cheema //et al.//, 2008). === Molecular markers === SSR markers (Cheema //et al.//, 2008). === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa39// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === FF329. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Zhang //et al.//, 2014). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa40(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === IR65482-7-216-1-2. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Kim //et al.//, 2015). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa41(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //Os-11N3//, //OsSWEET14//. === Source === Severel accessions of //Oryza glaberrima// and //Oryza barthii//. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Cloned and sequenced (Hutin //et al.//, 2015). === Molecular markers === Intragenic AFLP marker (Hutin //et al.//, 2015). === Brief description === SWEET-type protein. Cognate avirulence genes: //pthXo3//, //avrXa7//, //talC//, //tal5// (Antony //et al.//, 2010; Yu //et al.//, 2011; Streubel et al., 2013). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa42(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === XM14 (mutant of IR24). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 3 (Busungu //et al.//, 2016, 2018; Lian //et al.//, 2017). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa43(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === IR36 (P8). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Kim & Reinke, 2019). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa44(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === IR73571-3B-11-3-K3 (P6). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Kim, 2018). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //xa45(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //Oryza glaberrima// accession IRGC 102600B. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Identified (Neelam //et al.//, 2020). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa46(t)// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === //NA// === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Chen //et al.//, 2020). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === //NA// === Other resources === [[https://funricegenes.github.io/Xa46(t)/|FunRiceGenes]]. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xa47// ==== === Synonyms === //NA// === Source === G252, a BC2F16 generation material of the Yuanjiang common wild rice infiltration line (Lu //et al.//, 2022). === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 11 (Lu //et al.//, 2022). Cloned and sequenced (Lu //et al.//, 2022). === Molecular markers === Hxjy-1F/R and Xa47-12F/R (Lu //et al.//, 2022). === Brief description === NB-LRR class protein (Lu //et al.//, 2022). ---- ===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// ===== ==== Resistance gene: //Rxo1// ==== Synonyms //Rba1//. === Source === //NA// === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped to short arm of maize chromosome 6 (Zhao //et al.//, 2004a). Cloned and sequenced (Zhao //et al.//, 2005). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === NB-LRR class protein. Example of how nonhost resistance gene transfer between cereals - from maize to rice - provides resistance against bacterial streak disease (Zhao //et al.//, 2005). Cognate avirulence gene: //avrRxo1// (Zhao //et al.//, 2004b). ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xo1// ==== Synonyms //NA// === Source === Heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on the long arm of chromosome 4 (Triplett //et al.//, 2016). Cloned (Read //et al.//, 2020). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === NB-LRR class protein with a zinc finger BED domain (Read //et al//., 2020). Cognate avirulence genes: TAL effector genes. ---- ==== Resistance gene: //Xo2// ==== Synonyms //NA// === Source === Cultivar BHADOIA 303 (X455) from Bangladesh. === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === Mapped on chromosome 2 (Chen //et al.//, 2022). === Molecular markers === //NA// === Brief description === Candidate gene: //Osa002T0115800// (Chen //et al//., 2022). ---- ===== References ===== Amante-Bordeos A, Sitch LA, Nelson R, Dalmacio RD, Oliva NP, Aswidinnoor H, Leung H (1992). Transfer of bacterial blight and blast resistance from the tetraploid wild rice //Oryza minuta// to cultivated rice, //Oryza sativa//.Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 345-354. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229493|10.1007/BF00229493]] Antony G, Zhou J, Huang S, Li T, Liu B, White F, Yang B (2010). Rice //xa13// recessive resistance to bacterial blight is defeated by induction of the disease susceptibility gene //Os-11N3//. Plant Cell 22: 3864-3876. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078964|10.1105/tpc.110.078964]] Bao S, Tan M, Lin X (2010). Genetic mapping of a bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa14// in rice. Acta Agronomica Sin. 36: 422-427. Busungu C, Taura S, Sakagami JI, Anai T, Ichitani K (2018). High-resolution mapping and characterization of //xa42//, a resistance gene against multiple //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// races in rice (//Oryza sativa// L.). Breed. Sci. 68: 188-199. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.17094|10.1270/jsbbs.17094]] Busungu C, Taura S, Sakagami JI, Ichitani K (2016). Identification and linkage analysis of a new rice bacterial blight resistance gene from XM14, a mutant line from IR24. Breed. Sci. 66: 636-645. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.16062|10.1270/jsbbs.16062]] Cheema KK, Grewal NK, Vikal Y, Sharma R, Lore JS, Das A, Bhatia D, Mahajan R, Gupta V, Bharaj TS, Singh K (2008). A novel bacterial blight resistance gene from //Oryza nivara// mapped to 38 Kb region on chromosome 4L and transferred to //Oryza sativa// L. Genet. Res. 90: 397-407. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672308009786|10.1017/S0016672308009786]] Chen S, Feng A, Wang C, Zhao J, Feng J, Chen B, Yang J, Wang W, Zhang M, Chen K, Chen W, Su J, Liu B, Zhu X (2022). Identification and fine-mapping of //Xo2//, a novel rice bacterial leaf streak resistance gene. Theor. Appl. Genet., in press. DOI: [[https://doing.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04179-9|10.1007/s00122-022-04179-9]] Chen X, Liu P, Mei L, He X, Chen L, Liu H, Shen S, Ji Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Zeng D, Qian Q, Ma B (2021). //Xa7//, a new executor //R// gene that confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacteria-blight disease in rice. Plant Commun. 2: 100143. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100143|10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100143]] Chen S, Wang C, Yang J, Chen B, Wang W, Su J, Feng A, Zeng L, Zhu X (2020). Identification of the novel bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa46 (t)// by mapping and expression analysis of the rice mutant H120. Sci. Rep. 10: 12642. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69639-y|10.1038/s41598-020-69639-y]] Chen H, Wang S, Zhang Q (2002). New gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice located on chromosome 12 identified from Minghui 63, an elite restorer line. Phytopathology 92: 750-754. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.7.750|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.7.750]] Chu Z, Yuan M, Yao J, Ge X, Yuan B, Xu C, Li X, Fu B, Li Z, Bennetzen JL, Zhang Q, Wang S (2006). Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice. Genes Dev. 20: 1250-1255. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1416306|10.1101/gad.1416306]] Endo T, Nakamura T, Yonemaru J, Ishikawa G, Yamaguchi M, Kataoka T, Nakagomi K, Yokogami N (2009). Genetic analysis of resistance against bacterial leaf blight and leaf blast disease in the Japanese rice cultivar Asominori. In: G.-L. Wang and B.Valent (eds.) Advances in Genetics, Genomics and Control of Rice Blast Disease, Springer, pp. 305-313. Endo T, Yamaguchi M, Kaji R, Nakagomi K, Kataoka T, Yokogami N, Nakamura T, Ishikawa G, Yonemaru J, Nishio T (2012). Close linkage of a blast resistance gene, //Pias(t)//, with a bacterial leaf blight resistance gene, //Xa1-as(t)//, in a rice cultivar 'Asominori'. Breed. Sci. 62: 334-339. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.62.334|10.1270/jsbbs.62.334]] Ezuka A, Horino O, Toriyama K, Shinoda H, Morinaka T (1975). Inheritance of resistance of rice variety Wase Aikoku 3 to //Xanthomonas oryzae//. Bull. Tokai-Kinki Natl. Agric. Exp. Stn. 28: 124-130. Gao DY, Xu ZG, Chen ZY, Sun LH, Sun QM, Lu F, Hu BS, Liu YF, Tang LH (2001). Identification of a new gene for resistance to bacterial blight in a somaclonal mutant HX-3 (//indica//). Rice Genet. Newsl. 18: 66-68. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol18/c29.html|Oryzabase]] Gao D, Sun L (2013). In vitro screening and molecular characterization of a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice. J. Rice Res 1: 104. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.4172/ jrr.1000104|10.4172/ jrr.1000104]] Gnanamanickam SS, Priyadarisini VB, Narayanan NN, Vasudevan P, Kavitha S (1999). An overview of bacterial blight disease of rice and strategies for its management. Curr. Sci. 77: 1435-1443. DOI: [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24105230|10.2307/24105230]] Gu K, Tian D, Yang F, Wu L, Sreekala C, Wang D, Wang GL, Yin Z (2004). High-resolution genetic mapping of //Xa27 (t)//, a new bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, //Oryza sativa// L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108: 800-807. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1491-x|10.1007/s00122-003-1491-x]] Gu K, Yang B, Tian D, Wu L, Wang D, Sreekala C, Yang F, Chu Z, Wang GL, White FF, Yin Z (2005). R gene expression induced by a type-III effector triggers disease resistance in rice. Nature 435: 1122-1125. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03630|10.1038/nature03630]] Guo SB, Zhang DP, Lin XH (2010). Identification and mapping of a novel bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa35 (t)// originated from //Oryza minuta//. Sci. Agric. Sin. 43: 2611-2618. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.13.001|10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.13.001]] He Q, Li D, Zhu Y, Tan M, Zhang D, Lin X (2006). Fine mapping of //Xa2//, a bacterial blight resistance gene in rice. Mol. Breed. 17: 1-6. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-005-8698-2|10.1007/s11032-005-8698-2]] Hopkins CM, White FF, Choi SH, Guo A, Leach JE (1992). Identification of a family of avirulence genes from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 5: 451-459. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-5-451|10.1094/mpmi-5-451]] Hu K, Cao J, Zhang J, Xia F, Ke Y, Zhang H, Xie W, Liu H, Cui Y, Cao Y, Sun X, Xiao J, Li X, Zhang Q, Wang S (2017). Improvement of multiple agronomic traits by a disease resistance gene via cell wall reinforcement. Nat. Plants 3: 17009. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.9|10.1038/nplants.2017.9]] Hummer AW, Wilkins KE, Wang L, Cernadas RA, Bogdanove AJ (2017). A transcription activator-like effector from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// elicits dose-dependent resistance in rice. Mol. Plant Pathol. 18: 55-66. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12377|10.1111/mpp.12377]] Hur YJ, Jeung JU, Kim SY, Park HS, Cho JH, Lee JY, Sohn YB, Song YC, Park DS, Lee CW, Sohn JG, Nam MH, Lee JH (2013). Functional markers for bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa3// in rice. Mol. Breed. 31: 981-985. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-012-9831-7|10.1007/s11032-012-9831-7]] Hutin M, Sabot F, Ghesquière A, Koebnik R, Szurek B (2015). A knowledge-based molecular screen uncovers a broad-spectrum //OsSWEET14// resistance allele to bacterial blight from wild rice. Plant J. 84: 694-703. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13042|10.1111/tpj.13042]] Ise K, Li CY, Ye CR, Sun YQ (1998). Inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight in differential rice variety Asominori. Int. Rice Res. Notes 23: 13-14. Iyer AS, McCouch SR (2004). The rice bacterial blight resistance gene //xa5// encodes a novel form of disease resistance. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 17: 1348-1354. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1348|10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.12.1348]] Ji Z, Ji C, Liu B, Zou L, Chen G, Yang B (2016). Interfering TAL effectors of //Xanthomonas oryzae// neutralize //R//-gene-mediated plant disease resistance. Nat. Commun. 7: 13435. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13435|10.1038/ncomms13435]] Ji C, Ji Z, Liu B, Cheng H, Liu H, Liu S, Yang B, Chen G (2020). //Xa1// allelic //R// genes activate rice blight resistance suppressed by interfering TAL effectors. Plant Comm. 1: 100087. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100087|10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100087]] Jiang GH, Xia ZH, Zhou YL, Wan J, Li DY, Chen RS (2006). Testifying the rice bacterial blight resistance gene //xa5// by genetic complementation and further analyzing //xa5// (//Xa5//) in comparison with its homolog TFIIAgamma1. Mol. Genet. Genomics 275: 354-366. DOI: [[https://doi.org/978-3-319- 45021-6_20/s00438-005-0091-7|978-3-319- 45021-6_20/s00438-005-0091-7]] Kaku H, Ogawa T (2001). Genetic Analysis of the relationship between the browning reaction and bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa3// in rice. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 67: 228-230. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00013017|10.1007/PL00013017]] Kaur R, Grewal N, Das A, Vikal Y, Singh J, Bharaj TS, Sidhu JS, Singh K (2005). Inheritance of bacterial blight resistance in two accessions of wild rice, //Oryza nivara//. Rice Genet. Newsl. 22: 78. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol22/v23.html|Oryzagene]] Khush GS, Angeles ER (1999). A new gene for resistance to race 6 of bacterial blight in rice, //Oryza sativa//. Rice Genet. Newsl. 16: 92-93. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol16/v16p92.html|Oryzagene]] and @ [[https://archive.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn16/v16p92.html|Gramene]] Kim SM, Suh JP, Qin Y, Noh TH, Reinke RF, Jena KK (2015). Identification and fine-mapping of a new resistance gene, //Xa40//, conferring resistance to bacterial blight races in rice (//Oryza sativa// L.). Theor. Appl. Genet.128: 1933-1943. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-015-2557-2|10.1007/s00122-015-2557-2]] Kim SM (2018). Identification of novel recessive gene //xa44 (t)// conferring resistance to bacterial blight races in rice by QTL linkage analysis using an SNP chip. Theor. Appl. Genet. 131: 2733-2743. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-018-3187-2|10.1007/s00122-018-3187-2]] Kim SM, Reinke RF (2019). A novel resistance gene for bacterial blight in rice, //Xa43 (t)// identified by GWAS, confirmed by QTL mapping using a bi-parental population. PLoS One 14: e0211775. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211775|10.1371/journal.pone.0211775]] Korinsak S, Sriprakhon S, Sirithanya P, Jairin J, Vanavichit A, Toojinda T (2009). Identification of microsatellite markers (SSR) linked to a new bacterial blight resistance gene //xa33 (t)// in rice cultivar ‘Ba7’. Maejo Int. J. Sci. Tech. 3: 235-247. Kurata N, Yamazaki Y (2006). Oryzabase. An integrated biological and genome information database for rice. Plant Physiol. 140: 12-17. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.063008|10.1104/pp.105.063008]] Lee KS, Khush GS (2000). Genetic analysis of resistance to bacterial blight, //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// rice. Rice Genet. Newsl. 17: 72. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol17/d28.html|Oryzagene]] and @ [[https://archive.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn17/d28.html|Gramene]] Lee KS, Rasabandith S, Angeles ER, Khush GS (2003). Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice. Phytopathology 93: 147-152. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.2.147|10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.2.147]] Li P, Long JY, Huang YC, Zhang Y, Wang JS (2004). AvrXa3: a novel member of //avrBs3// gene family from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// has a dual function. Prog. Nat. Sci. 14: 767-773. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070412331344311|10.1080/10020070412331344311]] Liang LQ, Wang CY, Zeng LX, Wang WJ, Feng JQ, Chen B, Su J, Chen S, Shang FD, Zhu XY, Lin F (2017). The rice cultivar Baixiangzhan harbours a recessive gene //xa42// (//t//) determining resistance against //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Plant Breed. 136: 603-609. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12493|10.1111/pbr.12493]] Lin XH, Zhang DP,Xie YF, Gao HP, Zhang Q (1996). Identifying and mapping a new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice based on RFLP markers. Phytopathology 86: 1156-1159. Full text @ [[https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1996Abstracts/Phyto_86_1156.htm|APS]] Liu HX, Liu FQ, Hu BS, Yang WF, Chen ZY, Xu ZG (2004). Virulence of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// on rice near-isogenic lines with single resistance gene and pyramiding lines in China. Agric. Sci. China 3: 764-769. Liu Q, Yuan M, Zhou Y, Li X, Xiao J, Wang S (2011). A paralog of the MtN3/saliva family recessively confers race-specific resistance to //Xanthomonas oryzae// in rice. Plant Cell Environ. 34: 1958-1969. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02391.x|10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02391.x]] Lu Y, Zhong Q, Xiao S, Wang B, Ke X, Zhang Y, Yin F, Zhang D, Jiang C, Liu L, Li J, Yu T, Wang L, Cheng Z, Chen L (2022). A new NLR disease resistance gene //Xa47// confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice. Front. Plant Sci. 13: 1037901. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1037901|10.3389/fpls.2022.1037901]] Luo D, Huguet-Tapia JC, Taylor Raborn R, White FF, Brendel VP, Yang B (2021). The //Xa7// resistance gene guards the susceptibility gene //SWEET14// of rice against exploitation by bacterial blight pathogen. Nat. Commun., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100164|10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100164]] Mew TW (1987). Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 25: 359-382. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.25.090187.002043|10.1146/annurev.py.25.090187.002043]] Miao LL, Wang CL, Zheng C, Che JY, Gao Y, Wen YC, Li GQ, Zhao K (2010). Molecular mapping of a new gene for resistance to rice bacterial blight. Sci. Agric. Sin. 43: 3051-3058. Nanayakkara D, Edirisingha I, Dissanayake L, Weerasinghe D, Suriyagoda L, Herath V, Perera C, Jayatilake D (2020). A novel intragenic marker targeting the ectodomain of bacterial blight-resistance gene //Xa21// for marker-assisted selection in rice. J. Crop Improvem., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2020.1771643|10.1080/15427528.2020.1771643]] Nakai H, Nakamura S, Kuwahara S, Saito M (1988). Genetic studies of an induced rice mutant resistant to multiple races of bacterial leaf blight. Rice Genet. Newsl. 5: 101. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol5/v5V29.html|Oryzabase]] Natraj Kumar P, Sujatha K, Laha GS, Rao KS, Mishra B, Viraktamath BC, Hari Y, Reddy CS, Balachandran SM, Ram T, Madhav MS, Rani NS, Neeraja CN, Reddy GA, Shaik H, Sundaram RM (2012). Identification and fine-mapping of //Xa33//, a novel gene for resistance to //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Phytopathology 102: 222. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0075|10.1094/PHYTO-03-11-0075]] Neelam K, Mahajan R, Gupta V, Bhatia D, Gill BK, Komal R, Lore JS, Mangat GS, Singh K (2020). High-resolution genetic mapping of a novel bacterial blight resistance gene //xa-45 (t)// identified from //Oryza glaberrima// and transferred to //Oryza sativa//. Theor. Appl. Genet. 133: 689-705. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03501-2|10.1007/s00122-019-03501-2]] Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush GS, Mew TW (1986a). The //Xa-3// gene for resistance to Philippine races of bacterial blight of rice. Rice Genet. Newsl. 3: 77. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol3/v3V28.html|Oryzabase]] and @ [[https://archive.gramene.org/newsletters/rice_genetics/rgn3/v3V28.html|Gramene]] Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush GS, Mew TW (1986b). The relationship between genes //Xa-3// and //Xa-6// for resistance to rice bacterial blight. Rice Genet. Newsl. 3: 79. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol3/v3V29.html|Oryzabase]] Ogawa T, Yamamoto T, Khush GS, Mew TW, Kaku H (1988). Near-isogenic lines as international differentials for resistance to bacterial blight of rice. Rice Genet. Newsl. 5: 106-109. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol5/v5V31.html|Oryzabase]] Porter BW, Chittoor JM, Yano M, Sasaki T, White FF (2003). Development and mapping of markers linked to the rice bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa7//. Crop Sci. 43: 1484-1492. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.1484|10.2135/cropsci2003.1484]] Pruitt RN, Schwessinger B, Joe A, Thomas N, Liu F, Albert M, Robinson MR, Chan LJ, Luu DD, Chen H, Bahar O, Daudi A, De Vleesschauwer D, Caddell D, Zhang W, Zhao X, Li X, Heazlewood JL, Ruan D, Majumder D, Chern M, Kalbacher H, Midha S, Patil PB, Sonti RV, Petzold CJ, Liu CC, Brodbelt JS, Felix G, Ronald PC (2015). The rice immune receptor XA21 recognizes a tyrosine-sulfated protein from a Gram-negative bacterium. Sci. Adv. 1: e1500245. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500245|10.1126/sciadv.1500245]] Ram T, Laha GS, Gautam SK, Deen R, Madhav MS, Brar DS, Viraktamath BC (2010). Identification of new gene introgressed from //Oryza brachyantha// with broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight of rice in India. Rice Genet. Newsl. 25: 57. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol25/pdf/25_23_14_p_p.pdf|Oryzabase]] Read AC, Rinaldi FC, Hutin M, He YQ, Triplett LR, Bogdanove AJ (2016). Suppression of //Xo1//-mediated disease resistance in rice by a truncated, non-DNA-binding TAL effector of //Xanthomonas oryzae//. Front. Plant Sci. 7: 1516. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01516|10.3389/fpls.2016.01516]] Read AC, Hutin M, Moscou MJ, Rinaldi FC, Bogdanove AJ (2020). Cloning of the rice //Xo1 //resistance gene and interaction of the Xo1 protein with the defense-suppressing //Xanthomonas// effector Tal2h. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., in press . DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-05-20-0131-SC|10.1094/MPMI-05-20-0131-SC]] Ronald PC, Albano B, Tabien R, Abenes L, Wu KS, McCouch S, Tanksley SD (1992). Genetic and physical analysis of the rice bacterial blight disease resistance locus, //Xa21//. Mol. Gen. Genet. 236: 113-120. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279649|10.1007/BF00279649]] Sakaguchi S (1967). Linkage studies on the resistance to bacterial leaf blight, //Xanthomonas oryzae// (Uyeda et Ishiyama) Dowson, in rice. Bull. Natl. Inst. Agr. Sci. Ser. D 16: 1-18. Sidhu GS, Khush GS, Mew TW (1978). Genetic analysis of bacterial blight resistance in seventy four cultivars of rice, //Oryza sativa// L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 53: 105-111. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00272687|10.1007/BF00272687]] Singh RJ, Khush GS, Mew TW (1983). A new gene for resistance to bacterial blight in rice. Crop Sci. 23: 558-560. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183X002300030026x|10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183X002300030026x]] Singh K, Vikal Y, Singh S, Leung H, Dhaliwal HS, Khush GS (2002). Mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene //xa8// using microsatellite markers. Rice Genet. Newsl. 19: 94-97. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol19/b40.html|Oryzabase]] Song WY, Wang GL, Chen LL, Kim HS, Pi LY, Holsten T, Gardner J, Wang B, Zhai WX, Zhu LH, Fauquet C, Ronald P (1995). A receptor kinase like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene //Xa21//. Science 270: 1804-1806. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5243.1804|10.1126/science.270.5243.1804]] Streubel J, Pesce C, Hutin M, Koebnik R, Boch J, Szurek B (2013). Five phylogenetically close rice //SWEET// genes confer TAL effector-mediated susceptibility to //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. New Phytol. 200: 808-819. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12411|10.1111/nph.12411]] Sugio A, Yang B, Zhu T, White FF (2007). Two type III effector genes of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// control the induction of the host genes OsTFIIAgamma1 and OsTFX1 during bacterial blight of rice. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104: 10720-10725. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701742104|10.1073/pnas.0701742104]] Sun X, Yang Z, Wang S, Zhang Q (2003). Identification of a 47-kb DNA fragment containing //Xa4//, a locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106: 683-687. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1117-8|10.1007/s00122-002-1117-8]] Sun X, Cao Y, Yang Z, Xu C, Li X, Wang S, Zhang Q (2004). //Xa26//, a gene conferring resistance to //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// in rice, encodes an LRR receptor kinase-like protein. Plant J. 37: 517-527. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01976.x|10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01976.x]] Tan GX, Ren X, Weng QM, Shi ZY, Zhu LL, He GC (2004). Mapping of a new resistance gene to bacterial blight in rice line introgressed from //Oryza officinalis//. Acta Genet. Sin. 31: 724-729. Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Ikea R, Omura T (1991). Identification of a recessive resistance gene in induced mutant line XM5 of rice to rice bacterial blight. Japan. J. Breed. 41: 427-432. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.41.427|10.1270/jsbbs1951.41.427]] Taura S, Ogawa T, Yoshimura A, Ikeda R, Iwata N (1992). Identification of a recessive resistance gene to rice bacterial blight of mutant line XM6, //Oryza sativa// L. Japan. J. Breed. 42: 7-13. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.42.7|10.1270/jsbbs1951.42.7]] Tian D, Wang J, Zeng X, Gu K, Qiu C, Yang X, Zhou Z, Goh M, Luo Y, Murata-Hori M, White FF, Yin Z (2014). The rice TAL effector-dependent resistance protein XA10 triggers cell death and calcium depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum. Plant Cell 26: 497-515. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.119255|10.1105/tpc.113.119255]] Triplett LR, Cohen SP, Heffelfinger C, Schmidt CL, Huerta AI, Tekete C, Verdier V, Bogdanove AJ, Leach JE (2016). A resistance locus in the American heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select is triggered by TAL effectors with diverse predicted targets and is effective against African strains of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola//. Plant J. 87: 472-483. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13212|10.1111/tpj.13212]] Wang W, Zhai W, Luo M, Jiang G, Chen X, Li X, Wing RA, Zhu L (2001). Chromosome landing at the bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa4// locus using a deep coverage rice BAC library. Mol. Gen. Genomics 265: 118-125. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s004380000382|10.1007/s004380000382]] Wang C, Tan M, Xu X, Wen G, Zhang D, Lin X (2003). Localizing the bacterial blight resistance gene, //Xa22 (t)//, to a 100-Kilobase bacterial artificial chromosome. Phytopathology 93: 1258-1262. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1258|10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1258]] Wang C, Wen G, Lin X, Liu X, Zhang D (2009). Identification and fine mapping of the new bacterial blight resistance gene, //Xa31 (t)//, in rice. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123: 235-240. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-008-9356-4|10.1007/s10658-008-9356-4]] Wang C, Fan Y, Zheng C, Qin T, Zhang X, Zhao K (2014). High-resolution genetic mapping of rice bacterial blight resistance gene //Xa23//. Mol. Genet. Genomics 289**: **745-753. [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-014-0848-y|10.1007/s00438-014-0848-y]] Wang C, Zhang X, Fan Y, Gao Y, Zhu Q, Zheng C, Qin T, Li Y, Che J, Zhang M, Yang B, Liu Y, Zhao K (2015). XA23 is an executor R protein and confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. Mol. Plant 8: 290-302. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2014.10.010|10.1016/j.molp.2014.10.010]] Wang J, Tian D, Gu K, Yang X, Wang L, Zeng X, Yin Z (2017). Induction of //Xa10//-like genes in rice cultivar Nipponbare confers disease resistance to rice bacterial blight. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 30: 466-477. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-16-0229-R|10.1094/MPMI-11-16-0229-R]] Xiang Y, Cao Y, Xu C, Li X, Wang S (2006). //Xa3//, conferring resistance for rice bacterial blight and encoding a receptor kinase-like protein, is the same as //Xa26//. Theor. Appl. Genet. 113: 1347-1355. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0388-x|10.1007/s00122-006-0388-x]] Yang Z, Sun X, Wang S, Zhang Q (2003). Genetic and physical mapping of a new gene for bacterial blight resistance in rice. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106: 1467-1472. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1205-4|10.1007/s00122-003-1205-4]] Yang B, Sugio A, White FF (2006). //Os8N3// is a host disease-susceptibility gene for bacterial blight of rice. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103: 10503-10508. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604088103|10.1073/pnas.0604088103]] Yang B, Zhu W, Johnson LB, White FF (2000). The virulence factor AvrXa7 of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// is a type III secretion pathway-dependent nuclear-localized double-stranded DNA-binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97: 9807-9812. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.170286897|10.1073/pnas.170286897]] Yang B, White FF (2004). Diverse members of the AvrBs3/PthA family of type III effectors are major virulence determinants in bacterial blight disease of rice. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 17: 1192-1200. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1192|10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.11.1192]] Yoshimura A, Mew TW, Khush GS, Omura T (1983). Inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in rice cultivar Cas 209. Phytopathology 73: 1409-1412. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-73-1409|10.1094/Phyto-73-1409]] Yoshimura S, Yoshimura A, Saito A, Kishimoto N, Kawase M, Yano M, Nakagahra M, Ogawa T, Iwata N (1992). RFLP analysis of introgressed chromosomal segments in three near-isogenic lines of rice for bacterial blight resistance genes, //Xa-1//, //Xa-3// and //Xa-4//. Jpn. J. Genet. 67: 29-37. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.67.29|10.1266/jjg.67.29]] Yoshimura S, Yoshimura A, Iwata N, McCouch SR, Abenes ML, Baraoidan MR, Mew TW, Nelson RJ (1995). Tagging and combining bacterial blight resistance genes in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers. Mol. Breed. 1: 375-387. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01248415|10.1007/BF01248415]] Yoshimura S, Yoshimura A, Nelson R.J., Mew T.W., Iwata N (1995). Tagging //Xa-1//, the bacterial blight resistance gene in rice, by using RAPD markers. Breed. Sci. 45: 81-85. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.81|10.1270/jsbbs1951.45.81]] Yoshimura S, Yamanouchi U, Katayose Y, Toki S, Wang ZX, Kono I, Kurata N, Yano M, Iwata N, Sasaki T (1998). Expression of //Xa1//, a bacterial blight-resistance gene in rice, is induced by bacterial inoculation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 1663-1668. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.4.1663|10.1073/pnas.95.4.1663]] Yu Y, Streubel J, Balzergue S, Champion A, Boch J, Koebnik R, Feng J, Verdier V, Szurek B (2011). Colonization of rice leaf blades by an African strain of //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// depends on a new TAL effector that induces the rice nodulin-3 //Os11N3// gene. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 24: 1102-1113. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0254|10.1094/MPMI-11-10-0254]] Yuan M, Chu Z, Li X, Xu C, Wang S (2009). Pathogen-induced expressional loss of function is the key factor in race-specific bacterial resistance conferred by a recessive //R// gene //xa13// in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 50: 947-955. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcp046|10.1093/pcp/pcp046]] Yuan M, Chu Z, Li X, Xu C, Wang S (2010). The bacterial pathogen //Xanthomonas oryzae// overcomes rice defenses by regulating host copper redistribution. Plant Cell 22: 3164-3176. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078022|10.1105/tpc.110.078022]] Yuan M, Ke Y, Huang R, Ma L, Yang Z, Chu Z, Xiao J, Li X, Wang S (2016). A host basal transcription factor is a key component for infection of rice by TALE-carrying bacteria. Elife 5: e19605. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19605|10.7554/eLife.19605]] Zhang Qi, Wang CL, Shi A, Bai J, Ling SC, Li D, Chen C, Pang H (1994). Evaluation of resistance to bacterial blight (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// in wild rice species. Sci. Agric. Sin. 27: 1-9. Zhang Q, Lin SC, Zhao BY, Wang CL, Yang WC, Zhou YL, Li DY, Chen CB, Zhu LH (1998). Identification and tagging of a new gene for resistance to bacterial blight (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv //oryzae//) from //O. rufipogon//. Rice Genet. Newsl.15: 138-142. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol15/v15p138.html|Oryzabase]] Zhang Q, Wang CL, Zhao KJ, Zhao YL, Caslana VC, Zhu XD, Li DY, Jiang QX (2001). The effectiveness of advanced rice lines with new resistance gene //Xa23// to rice bacterial blight. Rice Genet. Newsl. 18: 71-72. Full text @ [[https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/asset/rgn/vol18/c31.html|Oryzabase]] Zhang F, Zhuo DL, Zhang F, Huang LY, Wang WS, Xu JL, Vera Cruz C, Li ZK, Zhou YL (2014). //Xa39//, a novel dominant gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// in rice. Plant Pathol. 64: 568-575. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12283|10.1111/ppa.12283]] Zhao BY, Ardales E, Brasset E, Claflin LE, Leach JE, Hulbert SH (2004a). The //Rxo1// / //Rba1// locus of maize controls resistance reactions to pathogenic and non-host bacteria. Theor. Appl. Genet. 109: 71-79. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1623-y|10.1007/s00122-004-1623-y]] Zhao B, Ardales EY, Raymundo A, Bai J, Trick HN, Leach JE, Hulbert SH (2004b). The //avrRxo1// gene from the rice pathogen //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzicola// confers a nonhost defense reaction on maize with resistance gene //Rxo1//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 17: 771-779. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.7.771|10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.7.771]] Zhao B, Lin X, Poland J, Trick H, Leach J, Hulbert S (2005). A maize resistance gene functions against bacterial streak disease in rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102: 15383-15388. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503023102|10.1073/pnas.0503023102]] Zheng CK, Wang CL, Yu YJ, Liang YT, Zhao KJ (2009). Identification and molecular mapping of //Xa32(t)//, a novel resistance gene for bacterial blight (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//) in rice. Acta Agr. Sin. 35: 1173-1180. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60089-9|10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60089-9]] Zhou J, Peng Z, Long J, Sosso D, Liu B, Eom JS, Huang S, Liu S, Vera Cruz C, Frommer WB, White FF, Yang B (2015). Gene targeting by the TAL effector PthXo2 reveals cryptic resistance gene for bacterial blight of rice. Plant J. 82: 632-643. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12838|10.1111/tpj.12838]] Zou H, Zhao W, Zhang X, Han Y, Zou L, Chen G (2010). Identification of an avirulence gene, //avrxa5//, from the rice pathogen //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Sci. China Life Sci. 53: 1440-1449. DOI: [[https://doi.org/978-3-319-45021-6_20/s11427- 010-4109-y|978-3-319-45021-6_20/s11427- 010-4109-y]] ---- ===== Further reading ===== Chukwu SC, Rafii MY, Ramlee SI, Ismail SI, Hasan MM, Oladosu YA, Magaji UG, Akos I, Olalekan KK (2019). Bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice: a review of conventional breeding to molecular approach. Mol. Biol. Rep. 46: 1519-1532. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-019-04584-2|10.1007/s11033-019-04584-2]] Ercoli MF, Luu DD, Rim EY, Shigenaga A, Teixeira de Araujo A Jr, Chern M, Jain R, Ruan R, Joe A, Stewart V, Ronald P (2022). Plant immunity: Rice XA21-mediated resistance to bacterial infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 119: e2121568119. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121568119|10.1073/pnas.2121568119]] Helliwell EE, Yang Y (2013). Molecular strategies to improve rice disease resistance. Methods Mol. Biol. 956: 285-309. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-194-3_21|10.1007/978-1-62703-194-3_21]] Hu KM, Qiu DY, Shen XL, Li XH, Wang SP (2008). Isolation and manipulation of quantitative trait loci for disease resistance in rice using a candidate gene approach. Mol. Plant 1: 786-793. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssn039|10.1093/mp/ssn039]] Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, McCouch SR (2007). Recessive resistance genes and the //Oryza sativa//-//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// pathosystem. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 20: 731-739. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-20-7-0731|10.1094/MPMI-20-7-0731]] Ji Z, Wang C, Zhao K (2018). Rice routes of countering //Xanthomonas oryzae//. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19: 3008. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103008|10.3390/ijms19103008]] Jiang N, Yan J, Liang Y, Shi Y, He Z, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Liu X, Peng J (2020). Resistance genes and their interactions with bacterial blight/leaf streak pathogens (//Xanthomonas oryzae//) in rice (//Oryza sativa// L.) - an updated review. Rice (N Y) 13: 3. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-019-0358-y|10.1186/s12284-019-0358-y]] Joshi JB, Arul L, Ramalingam J, Uthandi S (2020). Advances in the //Xoo//-rice pathosystem interaction and its exploitation in disease management. J. Biosci. 45: 112. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-020-00085-8|10.1007/s12038-020-00085-8]] Liu W, Liu J, Triplett L, Leach JE, Wang GL (2014). Novel insights into rice innate immunity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 52: 213-241. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045926|10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045926]] Park CJ, Han SW, Chen X, Ronald PC (2010). Elucidation of XA21-mediated innate immunity. Cell. Microbiol. 12: 1017-1025. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01489.x|10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01489.x]] Sharma R, De Vleesschauwer D, Sharma MK, Ronald PC (2013). Recent advances in dissecting stress-regulatory crosstalk in rice. Mol. Plant 6: 250-260. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sss147|10.1093/mp/sss147]] Takatsuji H (2014). Development of disease-resistant rice using regulatory components of induced disease resistance. Front. Plant Sci. 5: 630. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00630|10.3389/fpls.2014.00630]] Vemanna RS, Bakade R, Bharti P, Kumar MKP, Sreeman SM, Senthil-Kumar M, Makarla U (2019). Cross-talk signaling in rice during combined drought and bacterial blight stress. Front. Plant Sci. 10: 193. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00193|10.3389/fpls.2019.00193]] Verdier V, Vera Cruz C, Leach JE (2012). Controlling rice bacterial blight in Africa: needs and prospects. J. Biotechnol. 159: 320-328. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.020|10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.020]] Zhang H, Wang S (2013). Rice versus //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//: a unique pathosystem. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 16: 188-195. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2013.02.008|10.1016/j.pbi.2013.02.008]]