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plant:pepper [2020/08/08 18:35]
jensboch 		plant:pepper [2022/10/11 16:30] (current)
rkoebnik [Pathogen: //X. gardneri//]
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified. +Identified. //Bs1// was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW10R) for identification of race 1 and race 2 pathogenic strains (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs1 is a dominant resistance which results in a fast hypersensitive response reaction upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBs1 from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria. //The resistance is rapidly overcome in the field by mutation of //avrBs1// in the bacteria.+//Bs1// is a dominant resistance which results in a fast hypersensitive response reaction upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBs1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//). The resistance is rapidly overcome in the field by mutation of //avrBs1// in the bacteria making this resistance unsuitable for commercial breeding.
  
 ---- ----
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-cloned, sequenced +//Bs2// was the first cloned resistance gene in pepper (Tai //et al.//, 1999). //Bs2// was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW20R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
-Markers for breeding of Bs2 in pepper have been established (Truong //et al//., 2011).+Markers for breeding of //Bs2// in pepper have been established (Truong //et al//., 2011). An overview of markers for different disease resistances in pepper has been published (Barka & Lee, 2020).
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//Bs2// is a dominant resistance which causes a hypersensitive response upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBs2 from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria. //The //Bs2// gene encodes an NB-LRR type of resistance protein (REF).+The dominant //Bs2// resistance gene encodes an NB-LRR protein which interacts with the AvrBs2 protein from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//)and causes a hypersensitive response (Tai //et al//., 1999). Expression of //Bs2// in other solanaceous plants, but not nonsolanaceous plants, also triggers hypersensitive response to AvrBs2. //Bs2// was broadly used in resistance breeding and in 2000 nearly 100% commercial bell peppers contained the //Bs2// resistance. Because pathogen strains with mutations in //avrBs2// emerged, //Bs2// was only effective for commercial control of bacterial spot disease for 5-6 years.
  
 ---- ----
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-cloned and sequenced (Roemer //et al//., 2007)+Cloned and sequenced (Roemer //et al//., 2007). A near-isogenic line containing the //Bs3// (ECW30R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//Bs3// is a dominant resistance gene and not expressed during normal life of the plant. The TAL effector AvrBs3 from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// binds to the promoter of //Bs3// and causes expression which results in programmed cell death (Roemer //et al//., 2007). //Bs3// encodes a flavin mono-oxygenase, but it is unknown whether the Bs3 protein has any enzymatic activity. The //bs3// variant has a deletion in the promoter which prohibits binding of AvrBs3 (Roemer //et al//., 2007). Instead, //bs3// is triggered by binding of AvrBs3-2, a variant of AvrBS3 with deletions of repeats that cause it to recognize the modified sequence in the promoter of //bs3 // (Roemer //et al//., 2007).+//Bs3// is a dominant resistance gene and not expressed during normal life of the plant. The TAL effector AvrBs3 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//) binds to the promoter of //Bs3// and causes expression which results in programmed cell death (Römer //et al//., 2007). //Bs3// encodes an unusual flavin monooxygenase, but it is unknown whether the Bs3 protein has any enzymatic activity. The //bs3// variant has a deletion in the promoter which prohibits binding of AvrBs3 (Römer //et al//., 2007). Instead, //bs3// is triggered by binding of a variant of AvrBs3 with deletions of several repeats that cause it to recognize the modified sequence in the promoter of //bs3 // (Römer //et al//., 2007). The TALE AvrHah1 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// also elicits the //Bs3// resistance. Commercial pepper lines containing //Bs2// and //Bs3// were used.
  
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 === Source === === Source ===
  
-//Capsicum annuum// PI235047 (Stall //et al//., 2009).+//Capsicum pubescens// PI235047 (Stall //et al//., 2009).
 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Cloned and sequenced. +Identified in pepper, cloned from tomato (Schornack //et al//., 2004).
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs4 was mapped (Ballvora //et al//., 2001) and cloned (Schornack //et al//., 2004). It is a dominant resistance gene that recognizes the TAL effector AvrBs4 from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv.// vesicatoria//. //Bs4// encodes a TIR-NBS-LRR protein (Schornack //et al//., XXXX). It is the first example of a resistances detecting TALEs that is not based on an executor gene, but appears to directly detect the AvrBs4 protein, severely truncated variants of Bs4, as well as high levels of AvrBs3, likely by binding (Schornack //et al//., 2004).+//Bs4// is a dominant resistance gene. It has not been introgressed into pepper, because //C. annuum// can not be crossed with //C. pubescens.//
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified, mapped +Identified, mapped. //bs5// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW50R.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
-//NA//+AFLP markers are available (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//bs5// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped within the genome of.+//bs5// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped. It is a stronger resistance than the other recessive resistance, //bs6//, but both resistances together have an additive effect (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified, mapped +Identified. //bs6// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW60R.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
 +
 +not available
 +
 +=== Brief description ===
 +
 +//bs6// is a recessive resistance which has not been mapped, so far. It is a weaker resistance than the other recessive resistance, //bs5//, but both resistances together have an additive effect (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
 +
 +----
 +
 +==== Resistance gene: //BsT// ====
 +
 +=== Synonyms ===
  
 //NA// //NA//
 +=== Source ===
 +
 +//Capsicum pubescens// PI235047A.
 +=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
 +
 +Identified.
 +
 +=== Molecular markers ===
 +
 +N/A
 +
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//bs6// is a recessive resistance+The dominant //BsT// resistance gene from //C. pubescens// causes a hypersensitive response upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//)//.// Expression of //avrBsT// in //C. annuum// using //Agrobacterium// causes an HR and infection of papper with //Xcv// strains containing //avrBsT// on a high-copy plasmid causes a spotty hypersensitive reaction (Escolar //et al//., 2001) indicating that //BsT// is also present in //C. annuum//.
  
 ---- ----
  
-===== Pathogen: //X. gardneri// =====+===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas hortorum// pv. //gardneri// =====
  
 ==== Resistance gene: //Bs7// ==== ==== Resistance gene: //Bs7// ====
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs7 is a dominant resistance gene.+//Bs7// is a dominant resistance gene. 
 + 
 +---- 
 + 
 +==== Resistance gene: //bs8// ==== 
 + 
 +=== Synonyms === 
 + 
 +//NA// 
 +=== Source === 
 + 
 +//Capsicum annuum// accession PI 163192 (Sharma //et al//., 2022). 
 +=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === 
 + 
 +Mapped to a 2.3 Mb interval on the sub-telomeric region of chromosome 11 (Sharma //et al//., 2022). //bs8// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW80R. 
 +=== Molecular markers === 
 + 
 +Markers from mapping population (Sharma //et al//., 2022) 
 +=== Brief description === 
 + 
 +//bs8// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped. This resistance in ECW80R was determined to be quantitative, recessively inherited, and non-HR causing, and inhibits lesion expansion and chlorosis. Presence of the resistance in NILs decreased the //in planta// bacterial population by 9-fold compared to ECW (Sharma //et al//., 2022).
  
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-Ballvora A, Pierre M, van den Ackerveken G, Schornack S, Rossier O, Ganal M, Lahaye T, Bonas U (2001). Genetic mapping and functional analysis of the tomato Bs4 locus governing recognition of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria AvrBs4 protein. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14: 629-638. DOI: 10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.5.629.+Barka GD, Lee J (2020). Molecular marker development and gene cloning for diverse disease resistance in pepper (//Capsicum annuum// L.): current status and prospects. Plant Breed. Biotech. 8: 89-113. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2020.8.2.89|10.9787/PBB.2020.8.2.89]]
  
 Cook AA, Stall RE (1963). Inheritance of resistance in pepper to bacterial spot. Phytopathology 53: 1060-1062. Cook AA, Stall RE (1963). Inheritance of resistance in pepper to bacterial spot. Phytopathology 53: 1060-1062.
 +
 +Escolar L, van den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001). Type III secretion and in planta recognition of the //Xanthomonas// avirulence proteins AvrBs1 and AvrBsT. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2: 287-296. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x|10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x]]
  
 Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Roberts PD, Johnson RR, Kousik CS, Subramanian S, Stall RE (2002). A non-hypersensitive resistance in pepper to the bacterial spot pathogen is associated with two recessive genes. Phytopathology 92: 273-277. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273]] Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Roberts PD, Johnson RR, Kousik CS, Subramanian S, Stall RE (2002). A non-hypersensitive resistance in pepper to the bacterial spot pathogen is associated with two recessive genes. Phytopathology 92: 273-277. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273]]
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 Potnis N, Minsavage G, Smith JK, Hurlbert JC, Norman D, Rodrigues R, Stall RE, Jones JB (2012). Avirulence proteins AvrBs7 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// and AvrBs1. 1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// contribute to a novel gene-for-gene interaction in pepper. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 25: 307-320. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205|10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205]] Potnis N, Minsavage G, Smith JK, Hurlbert JC, Norman D, Rodrigues R, Stall RE, Jones JB (2012). Avirulence proteins AvrBs7 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// and AvrBs1. 1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// contribute to a novel gene-for-gene interaction in pepper. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 25: 307-320. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205|10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205]]
  
-Schornack S, Ballvora A, Gürlebeck D, Peart J, Ganal M, Baker B, Bonas U, Lahaye T (2004). The tomato resistance protein Bs4 is a predicted non-nuclear TIR-NB-LRR protein that mediates defense responses to severely truncated derivatives of AvrBs4 and overexpressed AvrBs3. Plant J. 37: 46-60. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01937.x+Römer P, Hahn S, Jordan T, Strauss T, Bonas U, Lahaye T (2007). Plant pathogen recognition mediated by promoter activation of the pepper //Bs3// resistance gene. Science 318: 645-648. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144958|10.1126/science.1144958]]
  
-Schornack S, Peter K, Bonas U, Lahaye T (2005). Expression levels of avrBs3-like genes affect recognition specificity in tomato Bs4- but not in pepper Bs3-mediated perception. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 18: 1215-1225. DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-18-1215.+Sharma A, Minsavage GV, Gill U, Hutton S, Jones JB (2022). Identification and mapping of //bs8//, a novel locus conferring resistance to bacterial spot caused by //Xanthomonas gardneri//. Phytopathology, in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0339-R|10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0339-R]]
  
 Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]] Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]]
  
-Truong HTH, Kim K-T, Kim S, Cho M-C, Kim H-R, Woo J-G (2011) Development of gene-based markers for the Bs2 bacterial spot resistance gene for marker-assisted selection in pepper (Capsicum spp.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52: 65-73. DOI: 10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4.+Tai TH, Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Gajiwala P, Pasion R, Whalen MC, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1999). Expression of the //Bs2// pepper gene confers resistance to bacterial spot disease in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 14153-14158. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153|10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153]] 
 + 
 +Truong HTH, Kim KT, Kim S, Cho MC, Kim HR, Woo JG (2011). Development of gene-based markers for the //Bs2// bacterial spot resistance gene for marker-assisted selection in pepper (//Capsicum// spp.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52: 65-73. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4|10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4]]
  
 Vallejos CE, Jones V, Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Schultz DC, Rodrigues R, Olsen LE, Mazourek M (2010). Characterization of two recessive genes controlling resistance to all races of bacterial spot in peppers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121: 37-46. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6|10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6]] Vallejos CE, Jones V, Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Schultz DC, Rodrigues R, Olsen LE, Mazourek M (2010). Characterization of two recessive genes controlling resistance to all races of bacterial spot in peppers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121: 37-46. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6|10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6]]
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 Riva-Souza EM, Rodrigues R, Sudré CP, Pereira MG, Bento CS, de Pina Matta F (2009). Genetic parameters and selection for resistance to bacterial spot in recombinant F<sub>6</sub> lines of //Capsicum annuum//. Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 9: 108-115. PDF: [[http://www.sbmp.org.br/cbab/siscbab/uploads/c8129491-83fe-7669.pdf|www.sbmp.org.br/cbab/siscbab/uploads/c8129491-83fe-7669.pdf]] Riva-Souza EM, Rodrigues R, Sudré CP, Pereira MG, Bento CS, de Pina Matta F (2009). Genetic parameters and selection for resistance to bacterial spot in recombinant F<sub>6</sub> lines of //Capsicum annuum//. Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 9: 108-115. PDF: [[http://www.sbmp.org.br/cbab/siscbab/uploads/c8129491-83fe-7669.pdf|www.sbmp.org.br/cbab/siscbab/uploads/c8129491-83fe-7669.pdf]]
  
-Riva-Souza EM, Rodrigues R, Sudré CP, Pereira MG, Viana AP, do Amaral jr. AT (2007). Obtaining pepper F<sub>2:3</sub> lines with resistance to the bacterial spot usingthe pedigree method. Horticultura Brasileira 25: 567-571. PDF: [[https://www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v25n4/a14v25n4.pdf|www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v25n4/a14v25n4.pdf]]+Riva-Souza EM, Rodrigues R, Sudré CP, Pereira MG, Viana AP, do Amaral jr. AT (2007). Obtaining pepper F<sub>2:3</sub> lines with resistance to the bacterial spot using the pedigree method. Horticultura Brasileira 25: 567-571. PDF: [[https://www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v25n4/a14v25n4.pdf|www.scielo.br/pdf/hb/v25n4/a14v25n4.pdf]]
  
 Romero AM, Kousik CS, Ritchie DF (2002). Temperature sensitivity of the hypersensitive response of bell pepper to //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 92: 197-203. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.2.197|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.2.197]] Romero AM, Kousik CS, Ritchie DF (2002). Temperature sensitivity of the hypersensitive response of bell pepper to //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 92: 197-203. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.2.197|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.2.197]]
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 Silva LRA, Rodrigues R, Pimenta S, Correa JWS, Araújo MSB, Bento CS, Sudré CP (2017). Inheritance of bacterial spot resistance in //Capsicum annuum// var. //annuum//. Genet. Mol. Res. 16: gmr16029631. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029631|10.4238/gmr16029631]] Silva LRA, Rodrigues R, Pimenta S, Correa JWS, Araújo MSB, Bento CS, Sudré CP (2017). Inheritance of bacterial spot resistance in //Capsicum annuum// var. //annuum//. Genet. Mol. Res. 16: gmr16029631. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029631|10.4238/gmr16029631]]
  
-Tai TH, Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Gajiwala P, Pasion R, Whalen MC, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1999). Expression of the //Bs2// pepper gene confers resistance to bacterial spot disease in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 14153-14158. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153|10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153]]+Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]]
  
plant/pepper.1596904549.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/08/08 18:35 by jensboch

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