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plant:pepper [2020/08/08 20:44]
jensboch 		plant:pepper [2022/10/11 16:30] (current)
rkoebnik [Pathogen: //X. gardneri//]
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified. Bs1 was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW-10R) for identification of race 1 and race 2 pathogenic strains (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.+Identified. //Bs1// was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW10R) for identification of race 1 and race 2 pathogenic strains (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs1 is a dominant resistance which results in a fast hypersensitive response reaction upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBs1 from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria. //The resistance is rapidly overcome in the field by mutation of //avrBs1// in the bacteria making this resistance unsuitable for commercial breeding.+//Bs1// is a dominant resistance which results in a fast hypersensitive response reaction upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBs1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//). The resistance is rapidly overcome in the field by mutation of //avrBs1// in the bacteria making this resistance unsuitable for commercial breeding.
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Bs2 was the first cloned resistance gene in pepper (Tai //et al.//, 1999). Bs2 was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW-20R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.+//Bs2// was the first cloned resistance gene in pepper (Tai //et al.//, 1999). //Bs2// was backcrossed over 7 generations into the commercial pepper cultivar Early Calwonder (ECW) to produce a near-isogenic pepper cultigen (ECW20R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
-Markers for breeding of Bs2 in pepper have been established (Truong //et al//., 2011). An overview of markers for different disease resistances in pepper has been published (Barka and Lee, 2020).+Markers for breeding of //Bs2// in pepper have been established (Truong //et al//., 2011). An overview of markers for different disease resistances in pepper has been published (Barka & Lee, 2020).
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-The dominant //Bs2// resistance gene encodes an NB-LRR protein which interacts with the AvrBs2 protein from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria //and causes a hypersensitive response (Tai //et al//., 1999). Expression of //Bs2// in other solanaceous plants, but not nonsolanaceous plants, also triggers hypersensitive response to AvrBs2. //Bs2// was broadly used in resistance breeding and in 2000 nearly 100% commercial bell peppers contained the //Bs2// resistance. Because pathogen strains with mutations in //avrBs2// emerged, //Bs2// was only effective for commercial control of bacterial spot disease for 5-6 years.+The dominant //Bs2// resistance gene encodes an NB-LRR protein which interacts with the AvrBs2 protein from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//)and causes a hypersensitive response (Tai //et al//., 1999). Expression of //Bs2// in other solanaceous plants, but not nonsolanaceous plants, also triggers hypersensitive response to AvrBs2. //Bs2// was broadly used in resistance breeding and in 2000 nearly 100% commercial bell peppers contained the //Bs2// resistance. Because pathogen strains with mutations in //avrBs2// emerged, //Bs2// was only effective for commercial control of bacterial spot disease for 5-6 years.
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-cloned and sequenced (Roemer //et al//., 2007). A near-isogenic line containing the //Bs3// (ECW-30R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.+Cloned and sequenced (Roemer //et al//., 2007). A near-isogenic line containing the //Bs3// (ECW30R) (Stall //et al//., 2009). The three resistance genes //Bs1//, //Bs2//, and //Bs3// were transferred to a single plant of ECW and designated ECW123.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//Bs3// is a dominant resistance gene and not expressed during normal life of the plant. The TAL effector AvrBs3 from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// binds to the promoter of //Bs3// and causes expression which results in programmed cell death (Roemer //et al//., 2007). //Bs3// encodes an unusual flavin monooxygenase, but it is unknown whether the Bs3 protein has any enzymatic activity. The //bs3// variant has a deletion in the promoter which prohibits binding of AvrBs3 (Roemer //et al//., 2007). Instead, //bs3// is triggered by binding of a variant of AvrBs3 with deletions of several repeats that cause it to recognize the modified sequence in the promoter of //bs3 // (Roemer //et al//., 2007). The TALE AvrHah1 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// also elicits the Bs3 resistance. Commercial pepper lines containing //Bs2// and //Bs3// were used.+//Bs3// is a dominant resistance gene and not expressed during normal life of the plant. The TAL effector AvrBs3 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//) binds to the promoter of //Bs3// and causes expression which results in programmed cell death (Römer //et al//., 2007). //Bs3// encodes an unusual flavin monooxygenase, but it is unknown whether the Bs3 protein has any enzymatic activity. The //bs3// variant has a deletion in the promoter which prohibits binding of AvrBs3 (Römer //et al//., 2007). Instead, //bs3// is triggered by binding of a variant of AvrBs3 with deletions of several repeats that cause it to recognize the modified sequence in the promoter of //bs3 // (Römer //et al//., 2007). The TALE AvrHah1 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// also elicits the //Bs3// resistance. Commercial pepper lines containing //Bs2// and //Bs3// were used.
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs4 is a dominant resistance gene. It has not been introgressed into pepper, because //C. annuum// can not be crossed with //C. pubescens.//+//Bs4// is a dominant resistance gene. It has not been introgressed into pepper, because //C. annuum// can not be crossed with //C. pubescens.//
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified, mapped +Identified, mapped. //bs5// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW50R.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
-//NA//+AFLP markers are available (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//bs5// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped within the genome of. (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).+//bs5// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped. It is a stronger resistance than the other recessive resistance, //bs6//, but both resistances together have an additive effect (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
  
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 === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === === Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) ===
  
-Identified, mapped +Identified. //bs6// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW60R.
 === Molecular markers === === Molecular markers ===
  
-//NA//+not available 
 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-//bs6// is a recessive resistance+//bs6// is a recessive resistance which has not been mapped, so far. It is a weaker resistance than the other recessive resistance, //bs5//, but both resistances together have an additive effect (Vallejos //et al//., 2010).
  
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-The dominant //BsT// resistance gene from //C. pubescens// causes a hypersensitive response upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria.// Expression of //avrBsT// in //C. annuum// using //Agrobacterium// causes an HR and infection of papper with //Xcv// strains containing //avrBsT// on a high-copy plasmid causes a spotty hypersensitive reaction (Escolar //et al//., 2001) indicating that //BsT// is also present in //C. annuum//.+The dominant //BsT// resistance gene from //C. pubescens// causes a hypersensitive response upon recognition of the type III effector AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria //pv. //euvesicatoria// (aka //Xanthomonas campestris //pv. //vesicatoria//)//.// Expression of //avrBsT// in //C. annuum// using //Agrobacterium// causes an HR and infection of papper with //Xcv// strains containing //avrBsT// on a high-copy plasmid causes a spotty hypersensitive reaction (Escolar //et al//., 2001) indicating that //BsT// is also present in //C. annuum//.
  
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-===== Pathogen: //X. gardneri// =====+===== Pathogen: //Xanthomonas hortorum// pv. //gardneri// =====
  
 ==== Resistance gene: //Bs7// ==== ==== Resistance gene: //Bs7// ====
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 === Brief description === === Brief description ===
  
-Bs7 is a dominant resistance gene.+//Bs7// is a dominant resistance gene. 
 + 
 +---- 
 + 
 +==== Resistance gene: //bs8// ==== 
 + 
 +=== Synonyms === 
 + 
 +//NA// 
 +=== Source === 
 + 
 +//Capsicum annuum// accession PI 163192 (Sharma //et al//., 2022). 
 +=== Status (identified, mapped, cloned, sequenced) === 
 + 
 +Mapped to a 2.3 Mb interval on the sub-telomeric region of chromosome 11 (Sharma //et al//., 2022). //bs8// has been transferred to the pepper cultivar ECW, backcrossed, and designated ECW80R. 
 +=== Molecular markers === 
 + 
 +Markers from mapping population (Sharma //et al//., 2022) 
 +=== Brief description === 
 + 
 +//bs8// is a recessive resistance which has been mapped. This resistance in ECW80R was determined to be quantitative, recessively inherited, and non-HR causing, and inhibits lesion expansion and chlorosis. Presence of the resistance in NILs decreased the //in planta// bacterial population by 9-fold compared to ECW (Sharma //et al//., 2022).
  
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 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
  
-Barka GD, Lee J (2020). Molecular marker development and gene cloning for diverse disease resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): current status and prospects. Plant Breed. Biotech. 8: 89-113. DOI: 10.9787/PBB.2020.8.2.89.+Barka GD, Lee J (2020). Molecular marker development and gene cloning for diverse disease resistance in pepper (//Capsicum annuum// L.): current status and prospects. Plant Breed. Biotech. 8: 89-113. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2020.8.2.89|10.9787/PBB.2020.8.2.89]]
  
 Cook AA, Stall RE (1963). Inheritance of resistance in pepper to bacterial spot. Phytopathology 53: 1060-1062. Cook AA, Stall RE (1963). Inheritance of resistance in pepper to bacterial spot. Phytopathology 53: 1060-1062.
  
-Escolar L, van den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001) Type III secretion and in planta recognition of the Xanthomonas avirulence proteins AvrBs1 and AvrBsT. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2: 287-296. DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x.+Escolar L, van den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001). Type III secretion and in planta recognition of the //Xanthomonas// avirulence proteins AvrBs1 and AvrBsT. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2: 287-296. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x|10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x]]
  
 Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Roberts PD, Johnson RR, Kousik CS, Subramanian S, Stall RE (2002). A non-hypersensitive resistance in pepper to the bacterial spot pathogen is associated with two recessive genes. Phytopathology 92: 273-277. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273]] Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Roberts PD, Johnson RR, Kousik CS, Subramanian S, Stall RE (2002). A non-hypersensitive resistance in pepper to the bacterial spot pathogen is associated with two recessive genes. Phytopathology 92: 273-277. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273|10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.3.273]]
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 Potnis N, Minsavage G, Smith JK, Hurlbert JC, Norman D, Rodrigues R, Stall RE, Jones JB (2012). Avirulence proteins AvrBs7 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// and AvrBs1. 1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// contribute to a novel gene-for-gene interaction in pepper. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 25: 307-320. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205|10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205]] Potnis N, Minsavage G, Smith JK, Hurlbert JC, Norman D, Rodrigues R, Stall RE, Jones JB (2012). Avirulence proteins AvrBs7 from //Xanthomonas gardneri// and AvrBs1. 1 from //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// contribute to a novel gene-for-gene interaction in pepper. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 25: 307-320. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205|10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0205]]
  
-Römer P, Hahn S, Jordan T, Strauss T, Bonas U, Lahaye T (2007). Plant pathogen recognition mediated by promoter activation of the pepper Bs3 resistance gene. Science 318: 645-648. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144958|10.1126/science.1144958]]+Römer P, Hahn S, Jordan T, Strauss T, Bonas U, Lahaye T (2007). Plant pathogen recognition mediated by promoter activation of the pepper //Bs3// resistance gene. Science 318: 645-648. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144958|10.1126/science.1144958]] 
 + 
 +Sharma A, Minsavage GV, Gill U, Hutton S, Jones JB (2022). Identification and mapping of //bs8//, a novel locus conferring resistance to bacterial spot caused by //Xanthomonas gardneri//. Phytopathology, in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0339-R|10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0339-R]]
  
 Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]] Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]]
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 Tai TH, Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Gajiwala P, Pasion R, Whalen MC, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1999). Expression of the //Bs2// pepper gene confers resistance to bacterial spot disease in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 14153-14158. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153|10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153]] Tai TH, Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Gajiwala P, Pasion R, Whalen MC, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1999). Expression of the //Bs2// pepper gene confers resistance to bacterial spot disease in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 14153-14158. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153|10.1073/pnas.96.24.14153]]
  
-Truong HTH, Kim K-T, Kim S, Cho M-C, Kim H-R, Woo J-G (2011) Development of gene-based markers for the Bs2 bacterial spot resistance gene for marker-assisted selection in pepper (Capsicum spp.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52: 65-73. DOI: 10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4.+Truong HTH, Kim KT, Kim S, Cho MC, Kim HR, Woo JG (2011). Development of gene-based markers for the //Bs2// bacterial spot resistance gene for marker-assisted selection in pepper (//Capsicum// spp.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 52: 65-73. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4|10.1007/s13580-011-0142-4]]
  
 Vallejos CE, Jones V, Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Schultz DC, Rodrigues R, Olsen LE, Mazourek M (2010). Characterization of two recessive genes controlling resistance to all races of bacterial spot in peppers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121: 37-46. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6|10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6]] Vallejos CE, Jones V, Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV, Schultz DC, Rodrigues R, Olsen LE, Mazourek M (2010). Characterization of two recessive genes controlling resistance to all races of bacterial spot in peppers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121: 37-46. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6|10.1007/s00122-010-1289-6]]
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 Silva LRA, Rodrigues R, Pimenta S, Correa JWS, Araújo MSB, Bento CS, Sudré CP (2017). Inheritance of bacterial spot resistance in //Capsicum annuum// var. //annuum//. Genet. Mol. Res. 16: gmr16029631. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029631|10.4238/gmr16029631]] Silva LRA, Rodrigues R, Pimenta S, Correa JWS, Araújo MSB, Bento CS, Sudré CP (2017). Inheritance of bacterial spot resistance in //Capsicum annuum// var. //annuum//. Genet. Mol. Res. 16: gmr16029631. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16029631|10.4238/gmr16029631]]
 +
 +Stall RE, Jones JB, Minsavage GV (2009). Durability of resistance in tomato and pepper to xanthomonads causing bacterial spot. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 47: 265-284. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081752]]
  
plant/pepper.1596912248.txt.gz · Last modified: 2020/08/08 20:44 by jensboch

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