Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- bacteria:t3e:xopx [2020/07/17 10:23]
rkoebnik
+++ — (current)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== XopX ======
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucas_Moriniere|Lucas Morinière]]\\
-Internal reviewer: FIXME \\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopX\\
-Family: XopX\\
-Prototype: XopX (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011346212.1|WP_011346212.1]] (699 aa)\\
-D structure: Unknown
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopX was discovered through the screening of a genomic cosmid library of //X. euvesicatoria// strain GM98-38 conjugated in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// followed by inoculation in tobacco plants (//Nicotiana benthamiana//) (Metz //et al//., 2005).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-Translational fusions of XopX with the calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase domain of //Bordetella pertussis// (Cya) were exchanged by simple homologous recombination into the genomic copy of //xopX// of //X. euvesicatoria// strains 85* (constitutive //hrp// expression mutant), 85* Δ//hrcV// (T3SS-defective mutant) and wild-type GM98-38. All Cya fusion strains except 85* Δ//hrcV// still induced cell death response activity in //N. benthamiana//. Moreover, leaf extracts of //N. benthamiana// inoculated with these fusion strains were assayed for cAMP, and only strains with a functional T3SS showed an increase in cAMP levels due to translocation of the Cya reporter protein into the plant (Metz //et al//., 2005).
-=== Regulation ===
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopX//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-  * XopX was demonstrated to be cytotoxic when expressed in yeast, suggesting it may target a conserved eukaryotic cell process required for cell viability (Salomon //et al//., 2011).
-  * During infection of rice (//Oryzae sativa//) with //X. oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//, XopX was shown to be an inhibitor of rice innate immune response, as it suppresses LipA-induced callose deposition (Sinha //et al//., 2013).
-  * XopX is required for the development of //X. euvesicatoria//-induced symptoms in the bacterial spot disease of tomato (//Solanum lycopersicum//) and pepper (//Capsicum annuum//). Indeed, it promotes ethylene production, and therefore chlorosis and plant cell death during infection by //X. euvesicatoria//  of susceptible tomato and in transient expression assays in tobacco. Interestingly, it also suppresses flagellin-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) while promoting the accumulation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) gene transcripts (Stork //et al//., 2015). Eventually, the complex behavior of XopX //in planta//, which combines activation and suppression of immunity-related plant responses at the same time, allows to classify this effector with the T3Es that activates the plant ‘default to death and defense’ response (Lindeberg //et al//., 2012; Stork //et al//., 2015).
-  * A ∆//xopK//  mutant strain of //Xanthomonas phaseoli//  pv. //manihotis//  (aka //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //manihotis//) showed reduced growth in planta and delayed spread through the vasculature system of cassava (Mutka //et al.//, 2016).
-  * //Agrobacterium//-mediated transient expression of both XopQ and XopX in rice cells resulted in induction of rice immune responses. These immune responses were not observed when either protein was individually expressed in rice cells. XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses were not observed with a XopX mutant that is defective in 14-3-3 binding (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
-  * A screen for //Xanthomonas//  effectors which can suppress XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses, led to the identification of five effectors, namely XopU, XopV, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, that could individually suppress these immune responses. These results suggest a complex interplay of //Xanthomonas//  T3SS effectors in suppression of both pathogen-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
-=== Localization ===
-Unknown.
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-Unknown.
-=== Interaction partners ===
-It has been suggested that XopX-triggering of plant cell death response was dependent of another cofactor delivered by the T3SS, yet still unknown (Metz //et al//., 2005).
-XopX interacts with two of the eight rice 14-3-3 proteins. Mutants of XopX that are defective in 14-3-3 binding are also defective in suppression of immune responses, suggesting that interaction with 14-3-3 proteins is required for suppression of host innate immunity (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
-Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-IP assays indicated that XopQ and XopX interact with each other (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes, //xopX//  homologs can be found in almost every sequenced //Xanthomonas//  spp. strain, except //X. albilineans//  and //X. sacchari//, making it an ancient //Xanthomonas//  core T3E (Stork //et al//., 2015).
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Related proteins (query cover > 80% and percent identity > 50 %) can be detected in several unclassified //Burkholderiales//  (//Xylophilus ampelinus//, //Rivibacter//  sp., //Rhizobacter//  sp., //Mitsuaria //sp.) and in the //Comamonadaceae//  (//Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis//).
-===== References =====
-Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the //Xanthomonas//  effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses. Plant J., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14924|10.1111/tpj.14924]]
-Jiang BL, He YQ, Cen WJ, Wei HY, Jiang GF, Jiang W, Hang XH, Feng JX, Lu GT, Tang DJ, Tang JL (2008). The type III secretion effector XopXccN of //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //campestris//  is required for full virulence. Res. Microbiol. 159: 216-220. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.004|10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.004]] FIXME  Information needs to be added to the profile.
-Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang A, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang K, Mao Y, Sun W (2015). The type III effector AvrBs2 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola suppresses rice immunity and promotes disease development. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28: 869-880. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R|10.1094/MPMI-10-14-0314-R]] FIXME  Information needs to be added to the profile.
-Lindeberg M, Cunnac S, Collmer A (2012). //Pseudomonas//  //syringae//  type III effector repertoires: last words in endless arguments. Trends Microbiol. 20: 199-208. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2012.01.003|10.1016/j.tim.2012.01.003]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//  requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Medina CA, Reyes PA, Trujillo CA, Gonzalez JL, Bejarano DA, Montenegro NA, Jacobs JM, Joe A, Restrepo S, Alfano JR, Bernal A (2018). The role of type III effectors from //Xanthomonas axonopodis//  pv. //manihotis//  in virulence and suppression of plant immunity. Mol. Plant Pathol. 19: 593-606. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12545|10.1111/mpp.12545]] FIXME  Information needs to be added to the profile.
-Metz M, Dahlbeck D, Morales CQ, Sady BA, Clark ET, Staskawicz BJ (2005). The conserved //Xanthomonas//  //campestris//  pv. //vesicatoria//  effector protein XopX is a virulence factor and suppresses host defense in //Nicotiana//  //benthamiana//: XopX effector protein suppresses plant host defense. Plant J. 41: 801-814. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02338.x|10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02338.x]]
-Mutka AM, Fentress SJ, Sher JW, Berry JC, Pretz C, Nusinow DA, Bart R (2016). Quantitative, image-based phenotyping methods provide insight into spatial and temporal dimensions of plant disease. Plant Physiol. 172: 650-660. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00984|10.1104/pp.16.00984]]
-Salomon D, Dar D, Sreeramulu S, Sessa G (2011). Expression of //Xanthomonas//  //campestris//  pv. //vesicatoria//  type III effectors in yeast affects cell growth and viability. Mol. Plant. Microbe Interact. 24: 305-314. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0196|10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0196]]
-Sinha D, Gupta MK, Patel HK, Ranjan A, Sonti RV (2013). Cell wall degrading enzyme induced rice innate immune responses are suppressed by the type 3 secretion system effectors XopN, XopQ, XopX and XopZ of //Xanthomonas//  //oryzae//  pv. //oryzae//. PLoS One 8: e75867. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075867|10.1371/journal.pone.0075867]]
-Stork W, Kim JG, Mudgett MB (2015). Functional analysis of plant defense suppression and activation by the //Xanthomonas//  core type III effector XopX. Mol. Plant. Microbe Interact. 28: 180-194. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0263-R|10.1094/MPMI-09-14-0263-R]]

EuroXanth DokuWiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Differences

Page Tools