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--- bacteria:t3e:xopae [2020/06/12 09:49]
rkoebnik [References]
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-====== XopAE ======
-Author: Guido Sessa\\
-Internal reviewer: David Studholme\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopAE\\
-Family: XopAE family\\
-Prototype: XopAE (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// also known as //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// [//Xcv//]; strain 85-10), also referred to as HpaF (Kim //et al.//, 2003). In //Xcv// 85-10, the gene is bipartite and the two parts were coined //hpaF// and //hpaG// (). However, //hpaG// was used by others to name the homolog of //hpa1// (//X. campestris//, //X. oryzae//) and //xopA// (//Xcv// 85-10) (Kim //et al.//, 2003).
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011050288.1|WP_011050288.1]] (547 aa)\\
-D structure: E3 ubiquitin ligase, based on homology modelling. Similar fold to that of XopL (Popov //et al//., 2018).
-===== The locus =====
-The //xopAE// locus in the majority of the //Xanthomonas// strains encodes a single ORF (//xopAE//), while in //X. euvesicatoria// strain 85-10 a frame-shift splits it into two ORFs (//hpaF// and //xopAE<sub>85-10</sub> //) that are transcribed in an operon as a bicistronic mRNA (Noël //et al//., 2002).
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopAE was discovered by DNA sequencing of the //X. euvesicatoria// strain 85-10 //hrp// cluster (Noël //et al//., 2002).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-XopAE preceded by //hpaF// was fused to the AvrBs2 reporter and shown to translocate into plant cells in an //hrpF//-dependent manner (Popov //et al//., 2018).
-=== Regulation ===
-In //X. euvesicatoria// strain 85-10, //xopAE// <sub>85-10</sub> transcription is driven by the promoter of the immediately upstream //hpaF// gene and regulated by the HrpX and HrpG master transcriptional regulators of the //Xanthomonas// T3SS (Popov //et al//., 2016). An imperfect PIP box (TTCGC-N<sub>16</sub>-TTCGC) is located 82 bp upstream of the predicted translation start codon of //hpaF// (Noël //et al//., 2002).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-XopAE<sub>85-10</sub> is a suppressor of PTI that was shown to inhibit flg22-mediated signaling in //Arabidopsis// and tomato protoplasts, downstream or in parallel to the activation of the MPK3 and MPK6 MAP kinases. Expression of XopAE<sub>85-10</sub> in plants inhibits PTI-associated callose deposition at the cell wall and enhances disease symptoms (Popov //et al//., 2016).
-=== Localization ===
-Cytoplasm and nucleus (Popov //et al//., 2016).
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-XopAE is an active E3 ubiquitin ligase //in vitro// (Popov //et al//., 2018).
-=== Interaction partners ===
-Unknown.
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, the //xopAE// locus is present in sequenced genomes of //X. alfalfae//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. bromi//, //X. vasicola// and //X. fragariae//).
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes. There are homologues in //Acidovorax// spp. (sharing up to about 50% amino-acid sequence identity) and in //Ralstonia //spp//.// (less than 35% sequence identity).
-===== References =====
-Kim JG, Park BK, Yoo CH, Jeon E, Oh J, Hwang I (2003). Characterization of the //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. //glycines// Hrp pathogenicity island. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3155‐3166. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.10.3155-3166.2003|jb.185.10.3155-3166.2003]]
-Noël L, Thieme F, Nennstiel D, Bonas U (2002). Two novel type III-secreted proteins of //Xanthomonas// //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// are encoded within the hrp pathogenicity island. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1340-1348. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.5.1340-1348.2002|10.1128/JB.184.5.1340-1348.2002]]
-Popov G, Fraiture M, Brunner F, Sessa G (2016). Multiple //Xanthomonas// //euvesicatoria// type III effectors inhibit flg22-triggered immunity. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 29: 651-660. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-07-16-0137-R|10.1094/MPMI-07-16-0137-R]]
-Popov G, Majhi BB, Sessa G (2018). Effector gene //xopAE// of //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// 85-10 is part of an operon and encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase. J. Bacteriol. 16: e00104-18. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00104-18|10.1128/JB.00104-18]]

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