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--- bacteria:t3e:xope3 [2020/06/30 18:14]
rkoebnik [References]
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-====== XopE3 ======
-Author: Jaime Cubero\\
-Internal reviewer: Eran Bosis\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopE3\\
-Family: XopE\\
-Prototype: XAC3224 (//Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri//)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_011052114.1|WP_011052114.1]] (356 aa)\\
-D structure: Contains a catalytic triad of cysteine, histidine and aspartic acid, and have been grouped with peptide N-glycanases (PNGases, members of the transglutaminase protein superfamily). XopE3 contains N-myristoylation motifs (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopE3 (avrXacE2) was first identified by sequence homology searches (da Silva //et al//., 2002).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-Homology to other XopE effectors.
-=== Regulation ===
-avrXacE2 was shown to be regulated by HrpG regulon in X. citri (Guo //et al//., 2011). This effector does not contain PIP box-like sequences.
-=== Phenotypes ===
-Lesions caused by mutants of X. citri on avrXacE2 show more extensive necrotic areas relative to those caused by wild-type bacteria in citrus leaves and grow slowly compared to wild type strain. This protein may function to attenuate cell death. No effect has been revealed on hypersensitive response (HR) on non-host plants (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
-Conservation of XopE3 (avrXacE2) in three //Xanthomonas// strains causing Citrus Canker suggest that it may play a special role in citrus canker (Moreira //et al.//, 2010).
-=== Localization ===
-Confocal microscopy imaging of //N. benthamiana// cells expressing avrXacE2-GFP fusion shows a localization mainly in the plant cell membrane and in the nucleus (Dunger //et al//., 2012).
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-XopE3 belongs to the HopX effector family, which are part of the transglutaminase superfamily (Nimchuk //et al//., 2007).
-=== Interaction partners ===
-Not known.
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X. citri, X. arboricola. X axonopodis//).
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes (//Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Acidovorax//).
-===== References =====
-da Silva AC, Ferro JA, Reinach FC, Farah CS, Furlan LR, Quaggio RB, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Van Sluys MA, Almeida NF, Alves LM, do Amaral AM, Bertolini MC, Camargo LE, Camarotte G, Cannavan F, Cardozo J, Chambergo F, Ciapina LP, Cicarelli RM, Coutinho LL, Cursino-Santos JR, El Dorry H, Faria JB, Ferreira AJ, Ferreira RC, Ferro MI, Formighieri EF, Franco MC, Greggio CC, Gruber A, Katsuyama AM, Kishi LT, Leite RP, Lemos EG, Lemos MV, Locali EC, Machado MA, Madeira AM, Martinez-Rossi NM, Martins EC, Meidanis J, Menck CF, Miyaki CY, Moon DH, Moreira LM, Novo MT, Okura VK, Oliveira, MC, Oliveira VR, Pereira HA, Rossi A, Sena JA, Silva C, de Souza RF, Spinola LA,Takita MA, Tamura RE, Teixeira EC, Tezza RI, Trindade dos SM, Truffi D, Tsai, SM, White FF, Setubal JC, Kitajima JP (2002). Comparison of the genomes of two //Xanthomonas// pathogens with differing host specificities. Nature 417: 459-463. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/417459a|10.1038/417459a]].
-Dunger G, Garofalo CG, Gottig N, Garavaglia BS, Rosa MC, Farah CS, Orellano EG, Ottado J (2012). Analysis of three //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. citri effector proteins in pathogenicity and their interactions with host plant proteins. Mol. Plant Pathol. 13: 865-876. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00797.x|10.1111/j.1364-3703.2012.00797.x]].
-Guo Y, Figueiredo F, Jones J, Wang N (2011). HrpG and HrpX play global roles in coordinating different virulence traits of //Xanthomonas axonopodis// pv. citri. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 24: 649-661. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0209|10.1094/MPMI-09-10-0209]].
-Moreira LM, Almeida NF, Potnis N, Digiampietri LA, Adi SS, Bortolossi JC, da Silva AC, da Silva AM, de Moraes FE, de Oliveira JC, de Souza RF (2010). Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii. BMC Genomics 11: 238. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-238|10.1186/1471-2164-11-238]].
-Nimchuk ZL, Fisher EJ, Desvaux D, Chang JH, Dangl JL (2007). The HopX (AvrPphE) family of //Pseudomonas syringae// type III effectors require a catalytic triad and a novel N-terminal domain forfunction. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 20: 346-357. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-20-4-0346|10.1094/MPMI-20-4-0346]].

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