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--- bacteria:t3e:xopj3 [2020/11/27 10:02]
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-[[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Doron_Teper|Author: Doron Teper]]\\
-Reviewer:
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Class: XopJ\\
-Family: XopJ3\\
-Prototype: XCV0471 ( CKGE_TMP_i Xanthomonas CKGE_TMP_i   CKGE_TMP_i euvesicatoria CKGE_TMP_i )\\
-RefSeq ID:</font> [[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/CAJ22102|CAJ22102]]\\
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Synonym: AvrRxv\\
-D structure: Unknown</font>
-<font 8.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Top of Form</font>
-<font 8.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Bottom of Form</font>
-<font 18.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Biological function</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**How discovered?</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>AvrRxv/XopJ3 of  CKGE_TMP_i X. euvesicatoria  CKGE_TMP_i was identified to promote HR in non-host bean plants (Whalen et al. 1988).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**(Experimental) evidence for being a T3E</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Tn5 insertions in multiple  CKGE_TMP_i hrp CKGE_TMP_i  genes in XcvT 75-3 eliminated AvrRxv/XopJ3-mediated HR in tomato line Hawaii 7998 (Ciesiolka et al. 1999). Disruption of the type III secretion system in  CKGE_TMP_i Xcv CKGE_TMP_i  race T3 abolished secretion of AvrRxv into culture media (Bonshtien et al. 2004).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Regulation</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv</font> //<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>is constitutively expressed in  CKGE_TMP_i Xanthomonas CKGE_TMP_i  tomato strain XcvT 92-14 (Ciesiolka et al. 1999). The expression of  CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv CKGE_TMP_i  was similar in NYB and XVM2 and was not dependent on  CKGE_TMP_i hrpG CKGE_TMP_i  or  CKGE_TMP_i hrpX CKGE_TMP_i  (Ciesiolka et al 1999).  CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv CKGE_TMP_i  has a perfect  PIP-box  starting  at  bp  465  with  the  sequence  TTCGC-N15-TTCGC (Ciesiolka et al 1999).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Phenotypes</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv</font> //<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>induce hypersensitive response in tomato line Hawaii 7998 (Whalen et al. 1993)(</font>  <font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Bonshtien et al. 2004), bean (Whalen et al. 1988) and  CKGE_TMP_i Nicotiana benthamiana  CKGE_TMP_i (Albers et al. 2019) CKGE_TMP_i .  CKGE_TMP_i Inactivation of  CKGE_TMP_i arvRxv CKGE_TMP_i  ( CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv CKGE_TMP_i ::</font>  <font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Ω ) in XcvT 75-3 eliminated HR induction and promoted growth in tomato line Hawaii 7998 (Whalen et al. 1993).  CKGE_TMP_i Xcv CKGE_TMP_i  race T3 ( CKGE_TMP_i X. perforans CKGE_TMP_i ) introduced with  CKGE_TMP_i avrRxv CKGE_TMP_i  induced resistance response in tomato line Hawaii 7998 which was characterized by HR, reduced bacterial growth  CKGE_TMP_i in planta CKGE_TMP_i  and significant alteration in host transcriptional profile (Bonshtien et al. 2004).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Localization</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>AvrRxv is localized predominantly to the cytoplasm and is possibly associated with the plasma and nuclear membranes (Bonshtien et al. 2004).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Enzymatic function</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>AvrRxv/XopJ3 belongs to the group of YopJ-family effectors. YopJ-family effectors share a conserved catalytic triad that is identical to that of the C55 family of cysteine proteases (Ma and Ma, 2016). Mutations in the AvrRxv protease catalytic core impaired elicitation of HR and inhibition of bacterial growth in tomato</font> <font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>line Hawaii 7998 (Bonshtien et al. 2004).</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Interaction partners</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>AvrRxv interacts with tomato 14-3-3 protein (Whalen et al. 2008).</font>
-<font 8.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Top of Form</font>
-<font 8.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Bottom of Form</font>
-<font 18.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**Conservation</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**In xanthomonads</font> **
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Yes ( CKGE_TMP_i X. euvesicatoria, X. hortorum , X. nasturtii, X. axonopodis CKGE_TMP_i )</font>
-<font 12.0pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>**In other plant pathogens/symbionts</font> **
-<font 11pt/inherit;;inherit;;inherit>Yes (//Pseudomonas//  CKGE_TMP_i syringe CKGE_TMP_i  spp. (HopZ-family), //Ralstonia solanacearum// (PopP1), //Acidovorax// //citrulli//, //Bradyrhizobium// sp//.//, //Mesorhizobium// sp., //Sinorhizobium fredii//)</font>
-===== References =====
-Bonshtien A, Lev A, Gibly A, Debbie P, Avni A, Sessa G (2005). Molecular properties of the //Xanthomonas// AvrRxv effector and global transcriptional changes determined by its expression in resistant tomato plants. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 18: 300-310. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-18-0300|10.1094/MPMI-18-0300]]
-Ciesiolka LD, Hwin T, Gearlds JD, Minsavage GV, Saenz R, Bravo M, Handley V, Conover SM, Zhang H, Caporgno J, Phengrasamy NB, Toms AO, Stall RE, Whalen MC (1999). Regulation of expression of avirulence gene //avrRxv// and identification of a family of host interaction factors by sequence analysis of //avrBsT//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 12: 35-44. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.1.35|10.1094/MPMI.1999.12.1.35]]
-Whalen MC, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1988). Characterization of a gene from a tomato pathogen determining hypersensitive resistance in non-host species and genetic analysis of this resistance in bean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 6743-6747. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.18.6743|10.1073/pnas.85.18.6743]]
-Whalen MC, Wang JF, Carland FM, Heiskell ME, Dahlbeck D, Minsavage GV, Jones JB, Scott JW, Stall RE, Staskawicz BJ (1993). Avirulence gene //avrRxv// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// specifies resistance on tomato line Hawaii 7998. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 6: 616-627. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-6-616|10.1094/mpmi-6-616]]
-Albers P, Üstün S, Witzel K, Kraner M, Börnke F (2019). A Remorin from //Nicotiana benthamiana// Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 32:1229-1242. DOI: [[https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-04-19-0105-R?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub  0pubmed|10.1094/MPMI-04-19-0105-R]]
-Ma KW, Ma W (2016). YopJ Family Effectors Promote Bacterial Infection through a Unique Acetyltransferase Activity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 80:1011-1027. DOI: [[https://mmbr.asm.org/content/80/4/1011.long|10.1128/MMBR.00032-16]]
-Whalen M, Richter T, Zakhareyvich K, Yoshikawa M, Al-Azzeh D, Adefioye A, Spicer G, Mendoza LL, Morales CQ, Klassen V, Perez-Baron G, Toebe CS, Tzovolous A, Gerstman E, Evans E, Thompson C, Lopez M, Ronald PC (2008). Identification of a host 14-3-3 Protein that Interacts with //Xanthomonas //effector AvrRxv. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol.72:46-55. DOI: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3142867/|10.1016/j.pmpp.2008.05.006]]

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