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--- bacteria:t3e:xopn [2020/07/03 17:37]
rkoebnik [References]
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-====== XopN ======
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jakub_Pecenka|Jakub Pečenka]]\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joana_Vicente2|Joana G. Vicente]]\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopN\\
-Family: XopN\\
-Prototype: XopN (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// aka //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vescicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_643095|NP_643095]] (733 aa)\\
-D structure: unknown - similar to phosphatase 2a (pr65 / A) (Roden //et al//., 2004).
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopN was identified in a genetic screen, using a Tn//5//-based transposon construct harboring the coding sequence for the HR-inducing domain of AvrBs2, but devoid of the effectors' T3SS signal, that was randomly inserted into the genome of //Xcv //strain 85-10. The XopN::AvrBs2 fusion protein triggered a //Bs2//-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) in pepper leaves (Roden //et al//., 2004).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-Type III-dependent secretion was confirmed using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter assay, with a Δ//hrpF// mutant strain serving as negative control (Roden //et al.//, 2004).
-=== Regulation ===
-Start codon of //xopN// was found downstream if a conserved cis-regulatory element, the plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box (TTCGG-N15-TTCTG). //xopN// is regulated by //hrpX// and //hrpG// genes (Cheong //et al//., 2013; Jiang //et al//., 2008).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//) were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  , but this did not apply to //xopN// (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-  * XopN<sub>Xcv</sub>  is required for the pathogens' maximal growth in the leaf tissue of tomato and pepper plants (Roden //et al//., 2004).
-  * Its homolog XopN <sub>Xcc</sub>  was found as well to be required for full virulence on Chinese radish (Jiang //et al//., 2008).
-  * XopN has been shown to play a role in host defence systems causing the reduction of PAMP-triggered immune responses and reduce the callose deposition in the host tissue. Moreover the deletion of //xopN//  open reading frame (ORF) reduced the //Xcv//  strain virulence exhibited by lower bacterial spot symptoms occurrence (Kim //et al//., 2009).
-=== Localization ===
-XopN was localized by confocal microscopy using fluorescent tagged fusion (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP]-XopN). [YFP]-XopN was localized throughout the plant cytoplasm and also associated with the plant plasma membrane (PM) (Kim //et al//., 2009).
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-Unknown – Kim //et al//. (2009) did not confirm that XopN is an enzyme (Kim //et al//., 2009).
-=== Interaction partners ===
-XopN interact with two types of proteins in tomato: Tomato Atypical Receptor-like Kinase1 (TARK1) and four Tomato Fourteen-Three-Three isoforms (TFT1, TFT3, TFT5, and TFT6) (Kim //et al//., 2009).
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X//. //campestris//, //X//. //citri//,// X//. //oryzae//). Since the G+C content of the //xopN//  gene is similar to that of the //Xcv//  //hrp gene//  cluster, it may be a member of a “core” group of //Xanthomonas//  spp. effectors (Roden et al., 2004).
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //Pseudomonas//  spp.) (Kim //et al//., 2009).
-===== References =====
-Cheong H, Kim CY, Jeon JS, Lee BM, Sun Moon J, Hwang I (2013). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// type III effector XopN targets OsVOZ2 and a putative thiamine synthase as a virulence factor in rice. PloS ONE 8: e73346. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073346|10.1371/journal.pone.0073346]].
-Jiang B, He Y, Cen W, Wei H, Jiang G, Jiang W, Hang X, Feng J, Lu G, Tang D, Tang J (2008). The type III secretion effector XopXccN of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// is required for full virulence. Res. Microbiol. 159: 216-220. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.004|10.1016/j.resmic.2007.12.004]]
-Kim JG, Li X, Roden JA, Taylor KW, Aakre CD, Su B, Landone S, Kirik A, Chen Y, Baranage G, Martin BG, Mudgett BM, McLane H (2009). //Xanthomonas// T3S effector XopN suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity and interacts with a tomato atypical receptor-like kinase and TFT1. Plant Cell 21: 1305-1323. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063123|10.1105/tpc.108.063123]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Roden JA, Belt B, Ross JB, Tachibana T, Vargas J, Mudgett MB (2004). A genetic screen to isolate type III effectors translocated into pepper cells during //Xanthomonas// infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16624-16629. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407383101|10.1073/pnas.0407383101]]

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