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--- bacteria:t3e:xopp [2020/07/03 18:13]
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-====== XopP ======
-Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Claude_Bragard|Claude Bragard]]\\
-Internal reviewer: Harrold van den Burg\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopP\\
-Family: XopP\\
-Prototype: XopP (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria// aka //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vescicatoria//; strain 85-10)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY756270.1|AY756270.1]] (685 aa)\\
-D structure: Unknown
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopP was identified in a genetic screen, using a Tn//5//-based transposon construct harboring the coding sequence for the HR-inducing domain of AvrBs2, but devoid of the effectors' T3SS signal, that was randomly inserted into the genome of //Xcv //strain 85-10. The XopP::AvrBs2 fusion protein triggered a //Bs2//-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) in pepper leaves (Roden //et al//., 2004). XopP was also identified in //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// (//Xcc//) strain 8004 as a candidate T3E due to the presence of a plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box in its gene, XC_2994 (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-Type III-dependent secretion was confirmed using a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter assay, with a Δ//hrpF// mutant strain serving as negative control (Roden //et al.//, 2004). Using an AvrBs1 reporter fusion, XopP<sub>Xcc8004</sub> was shown to be translated into plant cells in a //hrpF//- and //hpaB//-dependent manner (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
-=== Regulation ===
-The //xopP// <sub>Xcc8004</sub> gene contains a PIP box and was shown to be controlled by //hrpG// and //hrpX// (Jiang et al., 2009).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopP//, were significantly reduced in the //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-Roden //et al.// did not find significant growth defects of a //Xcv// Δ//xopP// mutant in susceptible pepper and tomato leaves (Roden et al., 2004).
-XopQ<sub>Xcc8004</sub> is required for full virulence and growth of //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// in the host plant Chinese radish (Jiang //et al.//, 2009).
-XopP<sub>Xoo</sub> is able to suppress rice pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-immunity and resistance to //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Although XopP<sub>Xoo</sub> is classified within the XopP, it shows only 40% sequence identity with the XopP homologue of //X. campestris// pv. //campestris// (Furutani //et al//., 2009). Therefore, it remains unclear if such interaction is similar in different pathosystems where XopP has been found.
-=== Localization ===
-XopP<sub>Xoo</sub> co-localizes with OsPUB44 in the cytoplasm (Ishikawa //et al//., 2014).
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-Unknown.
-=== Interaction partners ===
-XopP<sub>Xoo</sub> interacts with the U-box domain of a rice ubiquitin E3 ligase, OsPUB44 and inhibits its activity (Ishikawa //et al//., 2014).
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //X. campestris//, //X. citri//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. translucens//). Since the G+C content of the //xopP// gene is similar to that of the //Xcv// //hrp// gene cluster, it may be a member of a “core” group of //Xanthomonas// spp. effectors (Roden et al., 2004).
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes (//e.g.//, //Ralstonia solanacearum//) (Roden //et al//., 2004).
-===== References =====
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096|10.1094/MPMI-22-1-0096]]
-Ishikawa K, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto K, Yoshimura S, Inoue K, Tsuge S, Kojima C, Kawasaki T (2014). Bacterial effector modulation of host E3 ligase activity suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity in rice. Nat. Commun. 5: 5430. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6430|10.1038/ncomms6430]]
-Jiang W, Jiang B, Xu R, Huang J, Wei H, Jiang GF, Cen WJ, Liu J, Ge YY, Li GH, Su LL, Hang XH, Tang DJ, Lu GT, Feng JX, He YQ, Tang JL (2009). Identification of six type III effector genes with the PIP box in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// and five of them contribute individually to full pathogenicity. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 1401-1411. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1401|10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1401]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Roden JA, Belt B, Ross JB, Tachibana T, Vargas J, Mudgett MB (2004). A genetic screen to isolate type III effectors translocated into pepper cells during //Xanthomonas// infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16624-16629. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0407383101|10.1073/pnas.0407383101]]

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