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--- bacteria:t3e:xopv [2020/07/17 10:45]
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-====== XopV ======
-Author: Coline Sciallano\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gabor_Rakhely|Gábor Rákheli]]\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopV\\
-Family: XopV\\
-Prototype: XOO3803 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain MAFF 311018)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_027703842.1|WP_027703842.1]] (331 aa)\\
-D structure: Unknown
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopV was discovered via genome-wide screening for effector candidates in //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) strain MAFF 311018 in accordance with three criteria: i) ORF encoding proteins homologous to effectors of //P. syringae// strains and //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//, ii) HrpX regulons preceded by two cis elements (Plant Induced Promoter, PIP ; and -10 box-like motif) or iii) proteins with an N-terminal amino acid composition similar to known effectors (more than 10% of Ser in the first 50 amino aa, no Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 aa, and an aliphatic amino acid or Pro at the third or fourth position) (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-XopV (XOO3803 in Furutani //et al//., 2009) has been shown to be translocated through the T3SS thanks to a XopV fusion with a calmodulin-dependant adenylate cyclase reporter in //Xanthomonas oryzae//, and further tests using a T3SS deficient strain (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
-=== Regulation ===
-Expression of XopV has been shown to be regulated by HrpX using a construction with //xopV// and an adenylate cyclase reporter system in hrp-inducing medium. Also, no adenylate cyclase activity and no //xopV// transcript accumulation could be detected in a //hrpX// deficient strain with the same construction (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
-qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopV//, were significantly reduced in the //Xoo// Δ//xrvC// mutant compared with those in the wild-type strain PXO99<sup>A</sup>  (Liu //et al.//, 2016).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-An individual mutant for //xopV// in //Xoo //PXO99<sup>A</sup>  did not show reduced virulence on rice variety Kitaake and IR24 (Song & Yang, 2010). A significant reduction in lesion length on Kitaake was observed when inoculated by leaf-clipping with a triple mutant of PXO99A for //xopV//, //xopZ// (two copies) and //xopN//. But interestingly, no differences in virulence were observed when comparing the WT PXO99<sup>A</sup>  strain and individual or double mutants for each of these effectors (//xopV//, //xopZ//, //xopN//). Altogether, these information indicate XopV as one small of the collective contributors to //Xoo //virulence (Long //et al//., 2018).
-//Agrobacterium//-mediated transient expression of both XopQ and XopX in rice cells resulted in induction of rice immune responses, which were not observed when either protein was individually expressed. A screen for //Xanthomonas// effectors which can suppress XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses, led to the identification of five effectors, namely XopU, XopV, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, that could individually suppress these immune responses. These results suggest a complex interplay of //Xanthomonas// T3SS effectors in suppression of both pathogen-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice (Deb //et al.//, 2020).
-=== Localization ===
-Unknown.
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-Unknown.
-=== Interaction partners ===
-Unknown.
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes, examples: //X. campestris//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. vasicola//, //X. phaseoli//, //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//.
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes, examples: //Pseudomonas cissicola//, //Ralstonia solanacearum//, //Acidovorax citrulli//.
-===== References =====
-Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the //Xanthomonas// effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses. Plant J., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14924|10.1111/tpj.14924]]
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096|10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Long J, Song C, Yan F, Zhou J, Zhou H, Yang B (2018). Non-TAL effectors from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// suppress peptidoglycan-triggered MAPK activation in rice. Front. Plant Sci. 12: 1857. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01857|10.3389/fpls.2018.01857]]
-Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893|10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893]]
-===== References =====
-Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the //Xanthomonas// effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses. Plant J., in press. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14924|10.1111/tpj.14924]]
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096|10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Long J, Song C, Yan F, Zhou J, Zhou H, Yang B (2018). Non-TAL effectors from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// suppress peptidoglycan-triggered MAPK activation in rice. Front. Plant Sci. 12: 1857. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01857|10.3389/fpls.2018.01857]]
-Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893|10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893]]

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