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--- bacteria:t3e:xopv [2021/01/07 05:12]
s_tsuge [Biological function]
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-====== XopV ======
-Author: Coline Sciallano\\
-Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gabor_Rakhely|Gábor Rákheli]]\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
-Class: XopV\\
-Family: XopV\\
-Prototype: XOO3803 (//Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//; strain MAFF 311018)\\
-RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/WP_027703842.1|WP_027703842.1]] (331 aa)\\
-D structure: Unknown
-===== Biological function =====
-=== How discovered? ===
-XopV was discovered via genome-wide screening for effector candidates in //X. oryzae// pv. //oryzae// (//Xoo//) strain MAFF 311018 in accordance with three criteria: i) ORF encoding proteins homologous to effectors of //P. syringae// strains and //X. campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//, ii) HrpX regulons preceded by two cis elements (Plant Induced Promoter, PIP; and -10 box-like motif) or iii) proteins with an N-terminal amino acid composition similar to known effectors (more than 10% of Ser in the first 50 amino aa, no Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 aa, and an aliphatic amino acid or Pro at the third or fourth position) (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
-=== (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
- TT3S-dependent translocation of XopV has been shown by a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter assay  (Furutani //et al//., 2009).
-=== Regulation ===
- //xopV//   was shown to contain the PIP-box motif in their promoter region, and the expression was found to be regulated by HrpX using a   b  -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay  in  CKGE_TMP_i hrp CKGE_TMP_i -inducing medium   (Tsuge //et al.//, 2005).
-=== Phenotypes ===
-<font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>Popov  CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i  (2016) reported that  CKGE_TMP_i Xanthomonas euvesicatoria CKGE_TMP_i  XopV inhibits flg22-triggered immunity in  CKGE_TMP_i Arabidopsis thaliana CKGE_TMP_i  using a</font><font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>pathogen-free cell system for transient gene expression analysis.</font>
-<font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>An individual mutant for  CKGE_TMP_i xopV CKGE_TMP_i  in  CKGE_TMP_i Xoo  CKGE_TMP_i PXO99<sup>A</sup> did not show reduced virulence on rice varieties IR24 (Song & Yang, 2010) and Kitaake (Long  CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2018). But interestingly, a significant reduction in lesion length on Kitaake was observed when inoculated with a triple mutant of PXO99A for  CKGE_TMP_i xopV CKGE_TMP_i ,  CKGE_TMP_i xopZ CKGE_TMP_i  (two copies) and  CKGE_TMP_i xopN CKGE_TMP_i  although no differences in virulence were observed when comparing the WT PXO99<sup>A</sup> strain and individual or double mutants for each of these effector genes ( CKGE_TMP_i xopV CKGE_TMP_i ,  CKGE_TMP_i xopZ CKGE_TMP_i ,  CKGE_TMP_i xopN CKGE_TMP_i ). Three effectors were shown to be able to suppress the peptidoglycan-triggered MAPK activation when individually expressed in rice cells.</font><font 11pt/ ;;rgb(62, 61, 64);;inherit>The results indicate that XopV, along with XopZ and XopN, collectively and redundantly contributes virulence in rice</font> <font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>(Long  CKGE_TMP_i et al CKGE_TMP_i ., 2018)</font><font 11pt/ ;;rgb(62, 61, 64);;inherit>.</font>
-<font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>//Agrobacterium//</font><font 12pt/ ;;inherit;;inherit>-mediated transient expression of both XopQ and XopX in rice cells resulted in induction of rice immune responses, which were not observed when either protein was individually expressed. Five effectors, XopV, XopU, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, could individually suppress these immune responses, which suggests a complex interplay of  CKGE_TMP_i Xanthomonas CKGE_TMP_i  T3SS effectors in suppression of not only pathogen-triggered immunity but also effector-triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice (Deb  CKGE_TMP_i et al. CKGE_TMP_i , 2020).</font>
-=== Localization ===
-Unknown.
-=== Enzymatic function ===
-Unknown.
-=== Interaction partners ===
-Unknown.
-===== Conservation =====
-=== In xanthomonads ===
-Yes, examples: //X. campestris//, //X. euvesicatoria//, //X. oryzae//, //X. vasicola//, //X. phaseoli//, //X. citri//, //X. axonopodis//.
-=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes, examples: //Pseudomonas cissicola//, //Ralstonia solanacearum//, //Acidovorax citrulli//.
-===== References =====
-Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the //Xanthomonas// effectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses. Plant J. 104: 332-350. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14924|10.1111/tpj.14924]]
-Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 22: 96-106. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096|10.1094/mpmi-22-1-0096]]
-Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// requires H-NS-family protein XrvC to regulate virulence during rice infection. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 363: fnw067. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw067|10.1093/femsle/fnw067]]
-Long J, Song C, Yan F, Zhou J, Zhou H, Yang B (2018). Non-TAL effectors from //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae// suppress peptidoglycan-triggered MAPK activation in rice. Front. Plant Sci. 12: 1857. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01857|10.3389/fpls.2018.01857]]
-Song C, Yang B (2010). Mutagenesis of 18 type III effectors reveals virulence function of XopZ<sub>PXO99</sub> in //Xanthomonas oryzae// pv. //oryzae//. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 23: 893-902. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893|10.1094/mpmi-23-7-0893]]

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