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Author: Eran Bosis
Reviewer:
Expert reviewer:
Class: XopAU
Family: XopAU
Prototype: XopAU (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strain 85-10)
RefSeq ID: WP_041855031.1 (524 aa)
3D structure: Unknown
XopAU was discovered using a machine-learning approach. REF
XopAU fused to the AvrBs2 reporter, was shown to translocate into plant cells in an hrpF-dependent manner (Dubrow et al., 2018).
XopAU homologs were shown to contain the PIP-box motif in their promoter region. XopAU from X. citri was found to be regulated by HrpG and HrpX.
Agrobacterium-mediated expression of XopAU in Nicotiana benthamiana was shown to promote activation of immune responses and cell death that were dependent on the kinase activity of the effector. XopAU was shown to promote chlorosis and accumulation of PR proteins when delivered by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria into pepper leaves. Delivery of XopAU in plant cells by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris caused cell death. XopAU was shown to interact in yeast and in planta with MKK2 and to phosphorylate MKK2 in vitro (Guo et al., 2011). Co-expression of XopAU and MKK2 enhanced MKK2 phosphorylation in N. benthamiana leaves. In conclusion, XopAU contributes to X. euvesicatoria disease symptoms in pepper plants and manipulates host MAPK signaling through phosphorylation and activation of MKK2 (Guo et al., 2011).
Unknown.
XopAU is an active protein kinase in vitro (Guo et al., 2011).
XopAU was shown to interact with tomato MAPKK MKK2 and MAP kinases. Co-expression of XopAU and MKK2 in yeast caused a growth-inhibition phenotype. XopAU was shown to phosphorylate MKK2 in vitro and to promote phosphorylation of MKK2 at multiple sites in planta (Guo et al., 2011). XopAU was shown to interact with tomato 14-3-3 (TFT) proteins (Teper et al., 2018).
Yes (e.g., X. fuscans, X. citri, X. oryzae, X. fragariae, X. avenae).
Yes (Acidovorax spp.).