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bacteria:t3e:avrbs1

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bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2020/07/08 17:53]
rkoebnik [Biological function]
bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2022/05/09 11:21]
rkoebnik
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 Class: AvrBs1\\ Class: AvrBs1\\
 Family: AvrBs1\\ Family: AvrBs1\\
-Prototype: //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10 (Thieme //et al.//, 2005) +Prototype: AvrBs1 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain E3) (Swanson //et al.//, 1988)\\
 RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/CAJ19916|CAJ19916.1]] (445 aa)\\ RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/CAJ19916|CAJ19916.1]] (445 aa)\\
-3D structure: [[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q3C000|Q3C000_XANC5]] //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (strain 85-10)+3D structure: [[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q3C000|Q3C000_XANC5]] (homology model)
  
 ===== Biological function ===== ===== Biological function =====
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 === How discovered? === === How discovered? ===
  
-Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup>  per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,//was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).+Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup>  per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,// was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
  
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 Gene silencing experiments revealed that SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is required for the induction of the AvrBs1-specific HR. It was speculated that SnRK1 is involved in the AvrBsT-mediated suppression of the AvrBs1-specific HR (Szczesny //et al.//, 2010). Gene silencing experiments revealed that SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is required for the induction of the AvrBs1-specific HR. It was speculated that SnRK1 is involved in the AvrBsT-mediated suppression of the AvrBs1-specific HR (Szczesny //et al.//, 2010).
- 
 ===== Conservation ===== ===== Conservation =====
  
-In xanthomonads:+=== In xanthomonads: ===
  
 Yes (//X//. //campestris// pv. //campestris// (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988), //X//. //campestris// pv. //vitians// (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988), //X//. //arboricola// pv//. juglandis// <sup>[Acc.No: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SYZ61276.1|SYZ61276.1]]] </sup> ) Yes (//X//. //campestris// pv. //campestris// (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988), //X//. //campestris// pv. //vitians// (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988), //X//. //arboricola// pv//. juglandis// <sup>[Acc.No: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/SYZ61276.1|SYZ61276.1]]] </sup> )
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 Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of //Xylophilus ampelinus// type III secreted effectors. Doctoral Thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. PDF: [[https://etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325|etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325]] Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of //Xylophilus ampelinus// type III secreted effectors. Doctoral Thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. PDF: [[https://etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325|etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325]]
  
-Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// encodes a 50-kD protein. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1: 191-198.+Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// encodes a 50-kD protein. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1: 191-198. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-1-191|10.1094/MPMI-1-191]]
  
 Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// and their role in pathogenicity. Progress in Natural Science 16: 1288-1294. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330143|10.1080/10020070612330143]] Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// and their role in pathogenicity. Progress in Natural Science 16: 1288-1294. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330143|10.1080/10020070612330143]]
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 Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 76: 240-243. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-240|10.1094/Phyto-76-240]] Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 76: 240-243. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-240|10.1094/Phyto-76-240]]
  
-Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// complements spontaneous race-change mutants. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 1: 5-9.+Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// complements spontaneous race-change mutants. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 1: 5-9. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-1-005|10.1094/MPMI-1-005]]
  
 Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas// depends on a SNF1-related kinase. New Phytol. 187: 1058-1074. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x]] Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas// depends on a SNF1-related kinase. New Phytol. 187: 1058-1074. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x]]
bacteria/t3e/avrbs1.txt · Last modified: 2022/05/09 11:30 by rkoebnik