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--- bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2020/07/08 17:57]
rkoebnik [Conservation]
+++ bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2022/05/09 11:30] (current)
rkoebnik [Further reading]
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 Class: AvrBs1\\
 Family: AvrBs1\\
-Prototype: //Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain 85-10 (Thieme //et al.//, 2005)
+Prototype: AvrBs1 (//Xanthomonas euvesicatoria// pv. //euvesicatoria//, ex //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//; strain E3) (Swanson //et al.//, 1988)\\
 RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/CAJ19916|CAJ19916.1]] (445 aa)\\
-D structure: [[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q3C000|Q3C000_XANC5]] //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (strain 85-10)
+D structure: [[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q3C000|Q3C000_XANC5]] (homology model)
 ===== Biological function =====
@@ Line 16: / Line 15: @@
 === How discovered? ===
-Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup>  per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,//was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).
+Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. //campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// (//Xcv//) spontaneously mutate from avirulence to virulence (race 1) at a high frequency (4×10<sup>-4</sup>  per cell per division) when inoculated into a pepper cultivar containing the //Bs1// locus. Later, avirulence loci were found to be located in a plasmid during trials to transmit the copper resistence loci by conjugation (Stall //et al.//, 1986). In further studies an avirulence gene in race 2 strains was cloned and molecularly characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, subcloning and deletion analysis. The gene, //avrBs1,// was localized to a 5.3-kb fragment of DNA, located in the self-transmissible copper resistance plasmid pXvCu1. A single cosmid clone, pXv2000, was identified to specifically convert virulent race 1 isolates of //Xcv// to avirulence when inoculated into the pepper cultivar ECW10R containing the dominant resistance gene //Bs1//. It was demonstrated that the cloned wild type avirulence gene //avrBs1//, which encodes encodes a 50-kD protein, can complement race 2 spontaneous race-change mutants (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988; Swanson //et al.//, 1988).
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
@@ Line 35: / Line 34: @@
 Gene silencing experiments revealed that SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is required for the induction of the AvrBs1-specific HR. It was speculated that SnRK1 is involved in the AvrBsT-mediated suppression of the AvrBs1-specific HR (Szczesny //et al.//, 2010).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 57: / Line 55: @@
 Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of //Xylophilus ampelinus// type III secreted effectors. Doctoral Thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. PDF: [[https://etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325|etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325]]
-Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// encodes a 50-kD protein. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1: 191-198.
+Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// encodes a 50-kD protein. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1: 191-198. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-1-191|10.1094/MPMI-1-191]]
-Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// and their role in pathogenicity. Progress in Natural Science 16: 1288-1294. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330143|10.1080/10020070612330143]]
-Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 76: 240-243. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-240|10.1094/Phyto-76-240]]
-Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// complements spontaneous race-change mutants. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 1: 5-9.
-Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas// depends on a SNF1-related kinase. New Phytol. 187: 1058-1074. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x]]
-Teper D, Sunitha S, Martin GB, Sessa G (2015). Five //Xanthomonas// type III effectors suppress cell death induced by components of immunity associated MAP kinase cascades. Plant Signal. Behav. 10: e1064573. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2015.1064573|10.1080/15592324.2015.1064573]]
-Thieme F, Koebnik R, Bekel T, Berger C, Boch J, Büttner D, Caldana C, Gaigalat L, Goesmann A, Kay S, Kirchner O, Lanz C, Linke B, McHardy AC, Meyer F, Mittenhuber G, Nies DH, Niesbach-Klösgen U, Patschkowski T, Ruckert C, Rupp O, Schneiker S, Schuster SC, Vorhölter FJ, Weber E, Pühler A, Bonas U, Bartels D, Kaiser O (2005). Insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// revealed by the complete genome sequence. J. Bacteriol. 187: 7254-7266. [[https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.187.21.7254-7266.2005|10.1128/JB.187.21.7254-7266.2005]]
-===== Further reading =====
-Kearney B, Staskawicz BJ (1990). Characterization of IS//476// and its role in bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.1.143-148.1990|10.1128/jb.172.1.143-148.1990]]. Erratum in: J. Bacteriol. (1990) 172: 2199.
-O'Garro LW, Gibbs H, Newton A (1997). Mutation in the //avrBs1// avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria influences survival of the bacterium in soil and detached leaf tissue. Phytopathology 87: 960-966. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960|10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960]]
-===== References =====
-Dahlbeck D, Stall RE (1979). Mutations for change of race in cultures of //Xanthomonas vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 69: 634-636. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-69-634|10.1094/Phyto-69-634]]
-Escolar L, Van Den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001). Type III secretion and //in planta// recognition of the //Xanthomonas// avirulence proteins AvrBs1 and AvrBsT. Mol. Plant Pathol. 2: 287-296. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x|10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00077.x]]
-Gürlebeck D, Jahn S, Gürlebeck N, Szczesny R, Szurek B, Hahn S, Hause G, Bonas U (2009). Visualization of novel virulence activities of the //Xanthomonas// type III effectors AvrBs1, AvrBs3 and AvrBs4. Mol. Plant Pathol. 10: 175-188. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00519.x|10.1111/j.1364-3703.2008.00519.x]]
-Napoli C, Staskawicz BJ (1987). Molecular characterization of an avirulence gene from race 6 of //Pseudomonas syringae// pv. //glycinea//. J. Bacteriol. 169: 572-578. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.169.2.572-578.1987|10.1128/jb.169.2.572-578.1987]]
-Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of //Xylophilus ampelinus// type III secreted effectors. Doctoral Thesis, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. PDF: [[https://etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325|etd.uwc.ac.za/handle/11394/4325]]
-Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// encodes a 50-kD protein. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 1: 191-198.
 Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris// and their role in pathogenicity. Progress in Natural Science 16: 1288-1294. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1080/10020070612330143|10.1080/10020070612330143]]
@@ Line 95: / Line 61: @@
 Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria//. Phytopathology 76: 240-243. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-76-240|10.1094/Phyto-76-240]]
-Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// complements spontaneous race-change mutants. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 1: 5-9.
+Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// complements spontaneous race-change mutants. Mol. Plant Microb. Interact. 1: 5-9. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-1-005|10.1094/MPMI-1-005]]
 Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from //Xanthomonas// depends on a SNF1-related kinase. New Phytol. 187: 1058-1074. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03346.x]]
@@ Line 107: / Line 73: @@
 Kearney B, Staskawicz BJ (1990). Characterization of IS//476// and its role in bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.1.143-148.1990|10.1128/jb.172.1.143-148.1990]]. Erratum in: J. Bacteriol. (1990) 172: 2199.
-O'Garro LW, Gibbs H, Newton A (1997). Mutation in the //avrBs1// avirulence gene of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria influences survival of the bacterium in soil and detached leaf tissue. Phytopathology 87: 960-966. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960|10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960]]
+O'Garro LW, Gibbs H, Newton A (1997). Mutation in the //avrBs1// avirulence gene of //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //vesicatoria// influences survival of the bacterium in soil and detached leaf tissue. Phytopathology 87: 960-966. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960|10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.9.960]]

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