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--- bacteria:t3e:xopac [2020/08/11 14:50]
rkoebnik [Biological function]
+++ bacteria:t3e:xopac [2020/11/29 07:29] (current)
jmzhouigdb [Biological function]
@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 Author: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laurent_Noel|Laurent D. Noël]]\\
-Internal reviewer: FIXME \\
+Internal reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Koebnik|Ralf Koebnik]]\\
-Expert reviewer: FIXME
+Expert reviewer: [[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jian-Min_Zhou|Jian-Min Zhou]]
 Class: XopAC\\
 Family: XopAC\\
-Prototype: XopAC (//Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris//; strain 8004)\\
+Prototype: XopAC (//Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //campestris//; strain 8004)\\
 RefSeq ID: [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/AFP74845.1|AFP74845.1]] (536 aa)\\
 D structure: Unknown
+===== Conservation =====
+=== In xanthomonads ===
+xopAC is present in many //Xcc// strains as well as several //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //raphani// (Guy //et al//., 2013a). To date, all allelic variants of XopAC conferred avirulence in //Arabidopsis// accession Col-0 (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
+=== In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
+Yes, //Ralstonia solanacearum// (Tan //et al.//, 2019).
 ===== Biological function =====
@@ Line 18: / Line 26: @@
 === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E ===
-The N-terminal region of XopAC (XopAC<sub>1-167</sub>) mediates secretion and translocation of an AvrBs1 reporter domain (AvrBs1<sub>59-445</sub>) in pepper leaves in an //hrpF//-dependent manner (Xu //et al//., 2008).
+The N-terminal region of XopAC (XopAC<sub>1-217</sub>) mediates secretion and translocation of an AvrBs1 reporter domain (AvrBs1<sub>59-445</sub>) into pepper leaves in a //hrpF//-dependent manner (Xu //et al//., 2008).
 === Regulation ===
-//xopAC// promoters possess a PIP-box motif (Xu //et al//., 2008). Expression of //xopAC// is induced in //hrp//-inducing medium XVM2 in a //hrpG//- and //hrpX//-dependent manner (Xu //et al//., 2008).
+//xopAC// promoters possess a PIP-box motif (Xu //et al//., 2008). Expression of //xopAC// is induced in the //hrp//-inducing medium XVM2 in a //hrpG//- and //hrpX//-dependent manner (Xu //et al//., 2008).
 === Phenotypes ===
-  * //xopAC//, also named //avrAC//, confers avirulence to //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //campestris//  (//Xcc//) on //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 but not Kas (Xu //et al//., 2008).
+  * //xopAC//, also named //avrAC//, confers avirulence to //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //campestris//  (//Xcc//) on //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 but not on Kas (Xu //et al//., 2008).
   * //xopAC//  avirulence is weak in mesophyll tissue but strong upon inoculation of hydathodes or vascular tissues (Xu //et al//., 2008; Cerutti //et al//., 2017).
   * //xopAC//  contributes to //Xcc//  pathogenicity on //Brassica oleracea//  and //Arabidopsis//  in a //BIK1//-dependent manner (Feng //et al//., 2012).
   * XopAC inhibits BIK1 kinase activity and blocks flg22-induced PTI responses (Feng //et al//., 2012).
-  * XopAC was found to be associated with variations in disease symptoms when testing a set of 45 //Xcc//strains on two //Arabidopsis//  natural accessions (Guy //et al.//, 2013a).
+  * XopAC was found to be associated with variations in disease symptoms when testing a set of 45 //Xcc//  strains on two natural accessions of //Arabidopsis//  (Guy //et al.//, 2013a).
-  * Mutagenesis of type III effectors in //Xcc//  confirmed that xopAC functions as both a virulence and an avirulence gene in //Arabidopsis//  (Guy et al., 2013).
+  * Mutagenesis of type III effectors in //Xcc//  confirmed that //xopAC//  functions as both a virulence and an avirulence gene in //Arabidopsis//  (Guy et al., 2013).
-  * When heterologously expressed in virulent //Ralstonia solanacearum//  or //Pseudomonas syringae//  pv. //tomato//, it also confers avirulence on //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
+  * When heterologously expressed in virulent //Ralstonia solanacearum//  or //Pseudomonas syringae//  pv. //tomato//, XopAC confers avirulence on the //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
-  * Transgenic expression of //xopAC//  in Arabidopsis accession Col-0 induces early growth arrest at both apical and root meristems (Wang //et al//., 2015).
+  * Transgenic expression of //xopAC//  in //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 induces early growth arrest at both apical and root meristems (Wang //et al//., 2015).
+  * AvrAC recognition requires the RKS1 pseudokinase of the ZRK family and the NLR protein ZAR1, which also recognizes the //Pseudomonas syringae//  effectors HopZ1a, HopBA1, HopF1, HopO1, and HopX1 and the //Xanthomonas perforans//effector XopJ4 (Wang //et al.//, 2015; Laflamme //et al., //2020; Schultink //et al., //2019).
 === Localization ===
-XopAC was localized to the plasma membrane upon //Agrobacterium//-mediated transient expression in //Nicotiana benthamiana//  (Guy //et al//., 2013b). This localization is dependent on its LRR domain suggesting that XopAC localization is dependent on its interacting partners (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
+XopAC was localized to the plant plasma membrane upon //Agrobacterium//-mediated transient expression in //Nicotiana benthamiana//  (Guy //et al//., 2013b). This localization depends on its LRR domain suggesting that XopAC localization is dependent on its interacting partner(s) (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
 === Enzymatic function ===
-XopAC presents an uridylyl transferase activity dependent on residue H<sub>469</sub>  (Feng //et al//., 2012). XopAC is able to uridylylate both conserved S<sub>236</sub>  and T<sub>237</sub>  in BIK1. Similar activity was demonstrated for all other RLCK VIIa tested including PBL2 (Feng //et al//., 2012; Wang //et al//., 2015).
+XopAC presents an uridylyl transferase activity, which depends on residue H<sub>469</sub>  (Feng //et al//., 2012). XopAC is able to uridylylate both conserved S<sub>236</sub>  and T<sub>237</sub>  in BIK1. Similar activity was demonstrated for all other RLCK VIIa tested including PBL2, which acts as a decoy and enables AvrAC detection (Feng //et al//., 2012; Wang //et al//., 2015).
 === Interaction partners ===
-Nine //Arabidopsis//  RLCKs (Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases, subfamily VIIa) were described as putative interactors of XopAC using yeast-two hybrid (Guy //et al//., 2013b). Importantly, PBL2 RLCK is essential for XopAC avirulence function and BIK1 RLCK for XopAC virulence functions (Guy //et al//., 2013b; Feng //et al//., 2012; Wang //et al//., 2015).
+Nine //Arabidopsis//  RLCKs (receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases, subfamily VIIa) were described as putative interactors of XopAC using yeast-two hybrid assays (Guy //et al//., 2013b). Importantly, PBL2 RLCK is essential for the XopAC avirulence function and BIK1 RLCK is required for the XopAC virulence functions (Guy //et al//., 2013b; Feng //et al//., 2012; Wang //et al//., 2015).
 ===== Conservation =====
@@ Line 49: / Line 58: @@
 === In xanthomonads ===
-xopAC is present in many //Xcc// strains as well as several //Xanthomonas campestris// pv. //raphani// (Guy //et al//., 2013a). To date, all allelic variants of XopAC conferred avirulence in //Arabidopsis// accession Col-0 (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
+xopAC is present in many //Xcc//  strains as well as several //Xanthomonas campestris//  pv. //raphani//  (Guy //et al//., 2013a). To date, all allelic variants of XopAC conferred avirulence in //Arabidopsis//  accession Col-0 (Guy //et al//., 2013b).
 === In other plant pathogens/symbionts ===
-Yes, //Ralstonia solanacearum// (Tan //et al.//, 2019).
+Yes, //Ralstonia solanacearum//  (Tan //et al.//, 2019).
 ===== References =====
@@ Line 63: / Line 73: @@
 Guy E, Lautier M, Chabannes M, Roux B, Lauber E, Arlat M, Noël LD (2013b). //xopAC//-triggered immunity against //Xanthomonas// depends on //Arabidopsis// receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase genes //PBL2// and //RIPK//. PLoS One 8: e73469. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073469|10.1371/journal.pone.0073469]]
+Laflamme B, Dillon MM, Martel A, Almeida RND, Desveaux D, Guttman DS (2020). The pan-genome effector-triggered immunity ladscape of a host-pathogen interaction. Science 367: 763-768. [[http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4079|http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax4079]]
+Schultink A, Qi T, Bally J, Staskawicz B (2019). Using forward genetics in// Nicotiana benthamiana //to uncover the immune signaling pathway mediating recognition of the //Xanthomonas perforans //effector XopJ4. New Phytol. 221: 1001-1009. [[http://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/nph.15411|http://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/nph.15411]]
 Tan X, Qiu H, Li F, Cheng D, Zheng X, Wang B, Huang M, Li W, Li Y, Sang K, Song B, Du J, Chen H, Xie C (2019). Complete genome sequence of sequevar 14M //Ralstonia solanacearum// strain HA4-1 reveals novel type III effectors acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Front. Microbiol. 10: 1893. DOI: [[https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01893|10.3389/fmicb.2019.01893]]

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