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bacteria:t3e:avrbs2 [2020/07/13 14:00] rkoebnik |
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- | ====== AvrBs2 ====== | ||
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- | Author: [[https:// | ||
- | Internal reviewer: [[https:// | ||
- | Expert reviewer: FIXME | ||
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- | Class: AvrBs2\\ | ||
- | Protein family: AvrBs2\\ | ||
- | Prototype: AvrBs2 (// | ||
- | RefSeq ID: [[https:// | ||
- | Synonym: // | ||
- | 3D structure: Unknown | ||
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- | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
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- | === How discovered? === | ||
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- | Indirectly – the pathovars that induced // | ||
- | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
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- | Mary Beth Mudgett and coworkers provided the first evidence that AvrBs2 is secreted from // | ||
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- | Type III-dependent translocation of AvrBs2 was later confirmed using the calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase domain (Cya) of the // | ||
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- | Once the effector domain of AvrBs2 that is recognized by //Bs2// pepper plants was identified (Mudgett //et al.//, 2000), this knowledge was used to construct a Tn// | ||
- | === Regulation === | ||
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- | Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR have shown that //avrBs2// gene expression is downregulated in a //X. citri// pv. //citri// Δ//phoP// mutant, indicating that PhoP is a positive regulator of //avrBs2// expression (Wei //et al//., 2019). | ||
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- | qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //avrBs2//, were significantly reduced in the // | ||
- | === Phenotypes === | ||
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- | * The loss of a functional // | ||
- | * AvrBs2 has been demonstrated to be required for full virulence of //Xcv//, //X. oryzae// | ||
- | * Recognition of // | ||
- | * It was shown in pepper and tomato lines without //Bs2 //that mutations of catalytic residues in the glycerolphosphodiesterase did not interfere with the ability of the plant to recognize AvrBs2 through the cognate R gene // | ||
- | * AvrBs2 contributes to //X. oryzae// | ||
- | * AvrBs2 transiently expressed in // | ||
- | * Induced expression of AvrBs2 in transgenic cell cultures was shown to dramatically suppress flg22-induced and chitin-induced immune responses, such as ROS burst and PR gene expression (Li //et al//., 2015). | ||
- | * A ∆// | ||
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- | === Localization === | ||
- | |||
- | The // | ||
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- | === Enzymatic function === | ||
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- | Shown activity of glycerolphosphodiesterase catalytic site // | ||
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- | === Interaction partners === | ||
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- | Gene-for-gene relationship with corresponding resistance gene // | ||
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- | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
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- | === In xanthomonads === | ||
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- | Yes (//e.g.//, //X//. // | ||
- | |||
- | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
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- | No report. | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
- | |||
- | === How discovered? === | ||
- | |||
- | Indirectly – the pathovars that induced // | ||
- | |||
- | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
- | |||
- | AvrBs2 fused to the calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase domain was shown to translocate into plant cells (cytosol), detected through rise of cAMP levels inside the plant tissue. The // | ||
- | |||
- | === Regulation === | ||
- | |||
- | qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes // | ||
- | |||
- | Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR have shown that // | ||
- | |||
- | === Phenotypes === | ||
- | |||
- | * AvrBs2 has been demonstrated to be required for full virulence of //X. euvesicatoria// | ||
- | * Recognition of AvrBs2 by OsHRL makes rice more resistant against //X. oryzae// | ||
- | * It was shown in pepper and tomato lines without //Bs2 //that mutations of catalytic residues in the glycerolphosphodiesterase did not interfere with the ability of the plant to recognize AvrBs2 through the cognate R gene // | ||
- | * AvrBs2 contributes to //X. oryzae// | ||
- | * AvrBs2 transiently expressed in // | ||
- | * Induced expression of AvrBs2 in transgenic cell cultures was shown to dramatically suppress flg22-induced and chitin-induced immune responses, such as ROS burst and PR gene expression (Li //et al//., 2015). | ||
- | * A ∆// | ||
- | |||
- | === Localization === | ||
- | |||
- | The // | ||
- | |||
- | === Enzymatic function === | ||
- | |||
- | Shown activity of glycerolphosphodiesterase catalytic site // | ||
- | |||
- | === Interaction partners === | ||
- | |||
- | Gene-for-gene relationship with corresponding resistance gene // | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
- | |||
- | === In xanthomonads === | ||
- | |||
- | Yes (//e.g.//, //X//. // | ||
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- | Field strains of //X. euvesicatoria// | ||
- | |||
- | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
- | |||
- | No report. | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | ||
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- | Anderson DM, Schneewind O (1997). A mRNA signal for the type III secretion of Yop proteins by //Yersinia enterocolitica// | ||
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- | Casper-Lindley C. Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Staskawicz BJ (2002). Direct biochemical evidence for type III secretion-dependent translocation of the AvrBs2 effector protein into plant cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 8336-8341. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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- | Coplin DL (1989). Plasmids and their role in the evolution of plant pathogenic bacteria. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 27: 187-212. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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- | Gassmann W, Dahlbeck D, Chesnokova O, Minsavage GV, Jones JB, Staskawicz BJ (2000). Molecular evolution of virulence in natural field strains of // | ||
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- | Ghosh P (2004). Process of protein transport by the type III secretion system. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68: 771-795. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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- | Habyarimana F, Ahmer BM (2013). More evidence for secretion signals within the mRNA of type 3 secreted effectors. J. Bacteriol. 195: 2117-2118. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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- | Ignatov AN, Monakhos GF, Dzhalilov FS, Pozmogova GV (2002). Avirulence gene from // | ||
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- | Kearney B, Staskawicz BJ (1990). Widespread distribution and fitness contribution of // | ||
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- | Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang A, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang K, Mao Y, Sun W (2015). The type III effector AvrBs2 in // | ||
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- | Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). // | ||
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- | Medina CA, Reyes PA, Trujillo CA, Gonzalez JL, Bejarano DA, Montenegro NA, Jacobs JM, Joe A, Restrepo S, Alfano JR, Bernal A (2018). The role of type III effectors from // | ||
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- | Minsavage GV, Dahlbeck D, Whalen MC, Kearney B, Bonas U, Staskawicz BJ, Stall RE (1990). Gene-for-gene relationships specifying disease resistance in // | ||
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- | Mudgett MB, Chesnokova O, Dahlbeck D, Clark ET, Rossier O, Bonas U, Staskawicz BJ (2000). Molecular signals required for type III secretion and translocation of the // | ||
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- | Mutka AM, Fentress SJ, Sher JW, Berry JC, Pretz C, Nusinow DA, Bart R (2016). Quantitative, | ||
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- | Park SR, Moon SJ, Shin DJ, Kim MG, Hwang DJ, Bae SC, Kim JG , Yi BY, Byun MO (2010). Isolation and characterization of rice // | ||
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- | Roden JA, Belt B, Ross JB, Tachibana T, Vargas J, Mudgett MB (2004). A genetic screen to isolate type III effectors translocated into pepper cells during // | ||
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- | Swords KM, Dahlbeck D, Kearney B, Roy M, Staskawicz BJ (1996). Spontaneous and induced mutations in a single open reading frame alter both virulence and avirulence in // | ||
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- | Wei C, Ding T, Chang C, Yu C, Li X, Liu Q (2019). Global regulator PhoP is necessary for motility, biofilm formation, exoenzyme production and virulence of // | ||
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- | Wichmann G, Bergelson J (2004). Effector genes of // | ||
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- | Wichmann G, Ritchie D, Kousik CS, Bergelson J (2005). Reduced genetic variation occurs among genes of the highly clonal plant pathogen // | ||
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- | Zhao B, Dahlbeck D, Krasileva KV, Fong RW, Staskawicz BJ (2011). Computational and biochemical analysis of the // | ||
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- | ===== Further reading ===== | ||
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- | Timilsina S, Abrahamian P, Potnis N, Minsavage GV, White FF, Staskawicz BJ, Jones JB, Vallad GE, Goss EM (2016). Analysis of sequenced genomes of // | ||