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Authors: Ralf Koebnik & Trainees from the 2nd EuroXanth Training School (Daiva Burokienė, Edyta Đermić, Dagmar Stehlikova, Mariya Stoyanova)
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Class: XopAJ
Family: XopAJ
Prototype: XopAJ (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola; strain BLS256)
RefSeq ID: WP_014504815.1 (421 aa)
Synonym: AvrRxo1
3D structure: 4Z8Q, 4Z8T, 4Z8U, 4Z8U (Han et al., 2015)
Maize lines that contain the single dominant gene Rxo1 exhibit a rapid hypersensitive response (HR) after infiltration with the rice bacterial streak pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), but not with the rice bacterial blight pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The avirulence effector gene that corresponds to Rxo1, designated avrRxo1, was identified in an Xoc genomic library (Zhao et al., 2004).
When expressed in an Xoo hrpC mutant that is deficient in the type III secretion system, avrRxo1 did not elicit the HR, indicating that the avrRxo1-Rxo1 interaction is dependent on type III secretion (Zhao et al., 2004). Transient expression in maize lines carrying Rxo1 resulted in cell death, suggesting that AvrRxo1 functions from inside maize cells to elicit Rxo1-dependent pathogen recognition (Zhao et al., 2004).
Transient expression of avrRxo1 in onion cells after biolistic delivery revealed that the protein product was associated with the plasma membrane (Zhao et al., 2004).
AvrRxo1 has a T4 polynucleotide kinase domain (Han et al., 2015).
Molecular modeling was used to decipher structural mechanisms of AvrRxo1-Rxo1 interaction (Bahadur & Basak, 2014).
The gene product of the adjacent gene, avrRxo1-ORF2, binds AvrRxo1, but binding is structurally different from typical effector-binding chaperones, in that it has a distinct fold containing a novel kinase-binding domain (Han et al., 2015).
Yes (e.g. X. alfalfae, X. axonopodis, X. bromi, X. euvesicatoria, X. oryzae, X. translucens)
Yes (Acidovorax spp., Burkholderia andropogon) (Triplett et al., 2016)
Bahadur RP, Basak J (2014). Molecular modeling of protein-protein interaction to decipher the structural mechanism of nonhost resistance in rice. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. 32: 669-681. DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.787370
Han Q, Zhou C, Wu S, Liu Y, Triplett L, Miao J, Tokuhisa J, Deblais L, Robinson H, Leach JE, Li J, Zhao B (2015). Crystal structure of Xanthomonas AvrRxo1-ORF1, a type III effector with a polynucleotide kinase domain, and its interactor AvrRxo1-ORF2. Structure 23: 1900-1909. DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.06.030
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Shidore T, Broeckling CD, Kirkwood JS, Long JJ, Miao J, Zhao B, Leach JE, Triplett LR (2017). The effector AvrRxo1 phosphorylates NAD in planta. PLoS Pathog. 13: e1006442. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006442
Triplett LR, Shidore T, Long J, Miao J, Wu S, Han Q, Zhou C, Ishihara H, Li J, Zhao B, Leach JE (2016). AvrRxo1 Is a bifunctional type III secreted effector and toxin-antitoxin system component with homologs in diverse environmental contexts. PLoS One 11: e0158856. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158856
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Xie XW, Yu J, Xu JL, Zhou YL, Li ZK (2007). Introduction of a non-host gene Rxo1 cloned from maize resistant to rice bacterial leaf streak into rice varieties. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao [Chinese J. Biotechnol.] 23: 607-611. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2075(07)60039-9.
Zhao B, Ardales EY, Raymundo A, Bai J, Trick HN, Leach JE, Hulbert SH (2004). The avrRxo1 gene from the rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola confers a nonhost defense reaction on maize with resistance gene Rxo1. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 17: 771-779. DOI: 10.1094/MPMI.2004.17.7.771
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