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bacteria:t3e:avrbs1 [2020/07/08 18:06] rkoebnik [References] |
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- | ====== AvrBs1 ====== | ||
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- | Author: [[https:// | ||
- | Internal reviewer: Yael Helman\\ | ||
- | Expert reviewer: FIXME | ||
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- | Class: AvrBs1\\ | ||
- | Family: AvrBs1\\ | ||
- | Prototype: // | ||
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- | RefSeq ID: [[https:// | ||
- | 3D structure: [[https:// | ||
- | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
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- | === How discovered? === | ||
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- | Dahlbeck and Stall (1979) demonstrated that pepper race 2 strains of //X//. // | ||
- | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
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- | Epitope tagged AvrBs1 proteins were detected in culture supernatants only in the presence of a functional type III apparatus and not in a //hrcV// mutant, showing that the AvrBs1 proteins are secreted by //Xcv// in an // | ||
- | === Regulation === | ||
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- | In 2001, in tests whether //avrBs1// promoter activity depends on the //hrp// regulatory genes, //hrpG// and //hrpX//, promoter constructs containing only avrBs1 ORF2 were conjugated into wild-type Xcv race 2 strains deleted in //hrpX// or //hrpG//. The mutations did not significantly alter the GUS activity, indicating that //avrBs1// expression is not under the control of these hrp gene regulators (Escolar //et al.//, 2001). However, gene expression analysis using β-glucuronidase as reporter in another study in 2006 showed 7.3-fold reduction in GUS activity indicating that //avrBs1// was regulated by hrpG (Rongqi //et al.//, 2006). In 2010 it was reported that AvrBsT suppresses AvrBs1-elicited HR from X. // | ||
- | === Phenotypes === | ||
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- | AvrBs1 specifies avirulence on pepper cultivars containing the resistance gene Bs1 observed as hypersensitive response (HR) induction (Ronald & Staskawicz, 1988). Transient expression of avrBs1 and avrBsT in resistant host plants using // | ||
- | === Localization === | ||
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- | AvrBs1-GFP localizes exclusively to the cytoplasm of the plant cells (Gürlebeck //et al.//, 2009). | ||
- | === Enzymatic function === | ||
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- | Unknown. It was found that AvrBs1 suppresses the activation of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAP kinase pathway in yeast, suggesting that this effector targets a signaling component that is conserved in eukaryotic organisms (Teper //et al.//, 2015). | ||
- | === Interaction partners === | ||
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- | Gene silencing experiments revealed that SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) is required for the induction of the AvrBs1-specific HR. It was speculated that SnRK1 is involved in the AvrBsT-mediated suppression of the AvrBs1-specific HR (Szczesny //et al.//, 2010). | ||
- | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
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- | === In xanthomonads: | ||
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- | Yes (//X//. // | ||
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- | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
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- | // | ||
- | ===== References ===== | ||
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- | Dahlbeck D, Stall RE (1979). Mutations for change of race in cultures of // | ||
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- | Escolar L, Van Den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001). Type III secretion and //in planta// recognition of the // | ||
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- | Gürlebeck D, Jahn S, Gürlebeck N, Szczesny R, Szurek B, Hahn S, Hause G, Bonas U (2009). Visualization of novel virulence activities of the // | ||
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- | Napoli C, Staskawicz BJ (1987). Molecular characterization of an avirulence gene from race 6 of // | ||
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- | Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of // | ||
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- | Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from // | ||
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- | Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in // | ||
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- | Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in // | ||
- | |||
- | Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of // | ||
- | |||
- | Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from // | ||
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- | Teper D, Sunitha S, Martin GB, Sessa G (2015). Five // | ||
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- | Thieme F, Koebnik R, Bekel T, Berger C, Boch J, Büttner D, Caldana C, Gaigalat L, Goesmann A, Kay S, Kirchner O, Lanz C, Linke B, McHardy AC, Meyer F, Mittenhuber G, Nies DH, Niesbach-Klösgen U, Patschkowski T, Ruckert C, Rupp O, Schneiker S, Schuster SC, Vorhölter FJ, Weber E, Pühler A, Bonas U, Bartels D, Kaiser O (2005). Insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium // | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Further reading ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Kearney B, Staskawicz BJ (1990). Characterization of IS//476// and its role in bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148. DOI: [[https:// | ||
- | |||
- | O' | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Dahlbeck D, Stall RE (1979). Mutations for change of race in cultures of // | ||
- | |||
- | Escolar L, Van Den Ackerveken G, Pieplow S, Rossier O, Bonas U (2001). Type III secretion and //in planta// recognition of the // | ||
- | |||
- | Gürlebeck D, Jahn S, Gürlebeck N, Szczesny R, Szurek B, Hahn S, Hause G, Bonas U (2009). Visualization of novel virulence activities of the // | ||
- | |||
- | Napoli C, Staskawicz BJ (1987). Molecular characterization of an avirulence gene from race 6 of // | ||
- | |||
- | Nyembe NPP (2014). Development of a reporter system for the analysis of // | ||
- | |||
- | Ronald PC, Staskawicz BJ (1988). The avirulence gene //avrBs1// from // | ||
- | |||
- | Rongqi X, Xianzhen L, Hongyu W, Bole J, Kai L, Yongqiang H, Jiaxun F, Jiliang T (2006). Regulation of eight avr by hrpG and hrpX in // | ||
- | |||
- | Stall RE, Loschke DC, Jones JB (1986). Linkage of copper resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in // | ||
- | |||
- | Swanson J, Kearney B, Dahlbeck D, Staskawicz B (1988). Cloned avirulence gene of // | ||
- | |||
- | Szczesny R, Büttner D, Escolar L, Schulze S, Seiferth A, Bonas U (2010). Suppression of the AvrBs1-specific hypersensitive response by the YopJ effector homolog AvrBsT from // | ||
- | |||
- | Teper D, Sunitha S, Martin GB, Sessa G (2015). Five // | ||
- | |||
- | Thieme F, Koebnik R, Bekel T, Berger C, Boch J, Büttner D, Caldana C, Gaigalat L, Goesmann A, Kay S, Kirchner O, Lanz C, Linke B, McHardy AC, Meyer F, Mittenhuber G, Nies DH, Niesbach-Klösgen U, Patschkowski T, Ruckert C, Rupp O, Schneiker S, Schuster SC, Vorhölter FJ, Weber E, Pühler A, Bonas U, Bartels D, Kaiser O (2005). Insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium // | ||
- | |||
- | ===== Further reading ===== | ||
- | |||
- | Kearney B, Staskawicz BJ (1990). Characterization of IS//476// and its role in bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. J. Bacteriol. 172: 143-148. DOI: [[https:// | ||
- | |||
- | O' | ||