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bacteria:t3e:xopr [2020/07/09 12:00] rkoebnik [XopR] |
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- | ====== XopR ====== | ||
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- | Author: [[https:// | ||
- | Reviewer: [[https:// | ||
- | Expert reviewer: FIXME | ||
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- | Class: XopR\\ | ||
- | Family: XopR\\ | ||
- | Prototype: XOO4134 (// | ||
- | RefSeq ID: XopR [[https:// | ||
- | 3D structure: Unknown | ||
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- | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
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- | === How discovered? === | ||
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- | //xopR// was firstly identified as a putative T3E ORF (XOO4134) shown to be under regulation of HrpX preceded by both a PIP box and a -10 box-like motif (Furutani //et al//., 2006). Later, translocation of XOO4134:: | ||
- | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
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- | Evidence for T3SS-dependent secretion and translocation of XopR into plant cells was mainly based on calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (Cya) reporter assays of fusion proteins (Furutani //et al//., 2009). | ||
- | === Regulation === | ||
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- | Functional studies using // | ||
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- | qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//) were significantly reduced in the // | ||
- | === Phenotypes === | ||
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- | In the last few years a comprehensive body of experimental evidence has been gathered supporting a multiple action of XopR in hampering host plant defenses, namely by fostering bacterial growth //in planta//, and suppressing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) triggered host plant immunity (PTI) (Akimoto-Tomiyama //et al//., 2012; Wang //et al//., 2016; Medina //et al//., 2018; Verma //et al//., 2018; Verma //et al//., 2019). In fact, early studies suggested that XopR suppress PAMP-triggered stomatal closure in transgenic // | ||
- | === Localization === | ||
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- | Confocal microscopy studies of XopR::EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) fusion protein transiently expressed in //Nicotiana benthaminiana//, | ||
- | === Enzymatic function === | ||
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- | Unknown. | ||
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- | === Interaction partners === | ||
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- | Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicate that XopR associates with various receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), including BIK1 known to be involved in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) to triggered stomatal closure (Wang //et al//., 2016). //In vitro// kinase assays indicate that XopR is phosphorylated by BIK1 likely affecting BIK1 targets, and possibly impairing PAMP-triggered stomatal immunity (Wang //et al//., 2016). | ||
- | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
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- | === In xanthomonads === | ||
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- | Yes (e.g. //X. arboricola, X. axonopodis//, | ||
- | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
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- | Unknown. | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | ||
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- | Akimoto-Tomiyama C, Furutani A, Tsuge S, Washington EJ, Nishizawa Y, Minami E, Ochiai H (2012). XopR, a type III effector secreted by // | ||
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- | Furutani A, Nakayama T, Ochiai H, Kaku H, Kubo Y, Tsuge S (2006). Identification of novel HrpXo regulons preceded by two // | ||
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- | Furutani A, Takaoka M, Sanada H, Noguchi Y, Oku T, Tsuno K, Ochiai H, Tsuge S (2009). Identification of novel type III secretion effectors in // | ||
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- | Kametani-Ikawa Y, Tsuge S, Furutani A, Ochiai H (2011). An H-NS-like protein involved in the negative regulation of //hrp// genes in // | ||
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- | Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). // | ||
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- | Medina CA, Reyes PA, Trujillo CA, Gonzalez JL, Bejarano DA, Montenegro NA, Jacobs JM, Joe A, Restrepo S, Alfano JR, Bernal A (2018). The role of type III effectors from // | ||
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- | Verma G, Sharma M, Mondal KK (2018). XopR TTSS-effector regulates //in planta// growth, virulence of Indian strain of // | ||
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- | Verma G, Mondal KK, Kulshreshtha A, Sharma M (2019). XopR T3SS-effector of // | ||
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- | Wang S, Sun J, Fan F, Tan Z, Zou Y, Lu D (2016). A // | ||
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- | White FF, Potnis N, Jones JB, Koebnik R (2009). The type III effectors of // | ||
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- | Zhao S, Mo WL, Wu F, Tang W, Tang JL, Szurek B, Verdier V, Koebnik R, Feng JX (2013). Identification of non-TAL effectors in // | ||