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- | ====== XopX ====== | ||
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- | Author: [[https:// | ||
- | Internal reviewer: Coline Sciallano\\ | ||
- | Expert reviewer: FIXME | ||
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- | Class: XopX\\ | ||
- | Family: XopX\\ | ||
- | Prototype: XopX (// | ||
- | RefSeq ID: [[https:// | ||
- | 3D structure: Unknown | ||
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- | ===== Biological function ===== | ||
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- | === How discovered? === | ||
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- | XopX was discovered through the screening of a genomic cosmid library of //X. euvesicatoria// | ||
- | === (Experimental) evidence for being a T3E === | ||
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- | Translational fusions of XopX with the calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase domain of // | ||
- | === Regulation === | ||
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- | qRT-PCR revealed that transcript levels of 15 out of 18 tested non-TAL effector genes (as well as the regulatory genes //hrpG// and //hrpX//), including //xopX//, were significantly reduced in the // | ||
- | === Phenotypes === | ||
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- | * XopX was demonstrated to be cytotoxic when expressed in yeast, suggesting it may target a conserved eukaryotic cell process required for cell viability (Salomon //et al//., 2011). | ||
- | * During infection of rice (//Oryzae sativa//) with //X. oryzae// | ||
- | * XopX is required for the development of //X. euvesicatoria// | ||
- | * When transiently expressed in //N. benthamina// | ||
- | * A ∆// | ||
- | * // | ||
- | * A screen for // | ||
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- | === Localization === | ||
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- | Unknown. | ||
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- | === Enzymatic function === | ||
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- | Unknown. | ||
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- | === Interaction partners === | ||
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- | It has been suggested that XopX-triggering of plant cell death response was dependent of another cofactor delivered by the T3SS, yet still unknown (Metz //et al//., 2005). | ||
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- | XopX interacts with two of the eight rice 14-3-3 proteins. Mutants of XopX that are defective in 14-3-3 binding are also defective in suppression of immune responses, suggesting that interaction with 14-3-3 proteins is required for suppression of host innate immunity (Deb //et al.//, 2020). | ||
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- | Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-IP assays indicated that XopQ and XopX interact with each other (Deb //et al.//, 2020). | ||
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- | ===== Conservation ===== | ||
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- | === In xanthomonads === | ||
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- | Yes, // | ||
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- | === In other plant pathogens/ | ||
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- | Related proteins (query cover > 80% and percent identity > 50 %) can be detected in several unclassified // | ||
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- | ===== References ===== | ||
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- | Deb S, Ghosh P, Patel HK, Sonti RV (2020). Interaction of the // | ||
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- | Jiang BL, He YQ, Cen WJ, Wei HY, Jiang GF, Jiang W, Hang XH, Feng JX, Lu GT, Tang DJ, Tang JL (2008). The type III secretion effector XopXccN of // | ||
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- | Li S, Wang Y, Wang S, Fang A, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang K, Mao Y, Sun W (2015). The type III effector AvrBs2 in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola suppresses rice immunity and promotes disease development. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 28: 869-880. DOI: [[https:// | ||
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- | Lindeberg M, Cunnac S, Collmer A (2012). // | ||
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- | Liu Y, Long J, Shen D, Song C (2016). // | ||
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- | Medina CA, Reyes PA, Trujillo CA, Gonzalez JL, Bejarano DA, Montenegro NA, Jacobs JM, Joe A, Restrepo S, Alfano JR, Bernal A (2018). The role of type III effectors from // | ||
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- | Metz M, Dahlbeck D, Morales CQ, Sady BA, Clark ET, Staskawicz BJ (2005). The conserved // | ||
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- | Mutka AM, Fentress SJ, Sher JW, Berry JC, Pretz C, Nusinow DA, Bart R (2016). Quantitative, | ||
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- | Salomon D, Dar D, Sreeramulu S, Sessa G (2011). Expression of // | ||
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- | Sinha D, Gupta MK, Patel HK, Ranjan A, Sonti RV (2013). Cell wall degrading enzyme induced rice innate immune responses are suppressed by the type 3 secretion system effectors XopN, XopQ, XopX and XopZ of // | ||
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- | Stork W, Kim JG, Mudgett MB (2015). Functional analysis of plant defense suppression and activation by the // | ||