Author: Vittoria Catara
Internal reviewer: Ralf Koebnik
Expert reviewer: Guido Sessa

Class: XopAK
Family: XopAK
Prototype: XopAK (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria, ex Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria; strain 85-10)
RefSeq ID: CAJ25517.1 (485 aa)
3D structure: Unknown

XopAK was discovered using a machine-learning approach (Teper et al., 2016).

XopAK, fused to the AvrBs2 reporter, was shown to translocate into plant cells in an hrpF-dependent manner (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

Disease severity, ion leakage, chlorophyll content of pepper plants inoculated with a mutant strain obtained by insertion mutagenesis of xopAK and in planta bacterial growth were not affected as compared to plants inoculated with the parent strain X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Xcv) 85-10 (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

XopAK has been predicted to be a deaminase (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

Yes (e.g., X. citri, X. euvesicatoria, X. oryzae, X. translucens) (Barak et al., 2016; Teper et al., 2016)

Yes (e.g., Pseudomonas syringae effector HopK1, Ralstonia solanacearum (Petnicki-Ocwieja et al., 2002; He et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Schechter et al., 2004; Teper et al., 2016)

Barak JD, Vancheva T, Lefeuvre P, Jones JB, Timilsina S, Minsavage GV, Vallad GE, Koebnik R (2016). Whole-genome sequences of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains clarify taxonomy and reveal a stepwise erosion of type 3 effectors. Front. Plant Sci. 7: 1805. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01805

He P, Chintamanani S, Chen Z, Zhu L, Kunkel BN, Alfano JR, Tang X, Zhou JM (2004). Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors and coronatine. Plant J. 37: 589-602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2003.01986.x

Li G, Froehlich JE, Elowsky C, Msanne J, Ostosh AC, Zhang C, Awada T, Alfano JR (2014). Distinct Pseudomonas type-III effectors use a cleavable transit peptide to target chloroplasts. Plant J. 77: 310-321. DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12396

Petnicki-Ocwieja T, Schneider DJ, Tam VC, Chancey ST, Shan L, Jamir Y, Schechter LM, Janes MD, Buell CR, Tang X, Collmer A, Alfano JR (2002). Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 7652-7657. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.112183899

Schechter LM, Roberts KA, Jamir Y, Alfano JR, Collmer A (2004). Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system targeting signals and novel effectors studied with a Cya translocation reporter. J. Bacteriol. 186: 543-555. DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.2.543-555.2004

Teper D, Burstein D, Salomon D, Gershovitz M, Pupko T, Sessa G (2016). Identification of novel Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector proteins by a machine‐learning approach. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17: 398-411. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12288

XopAK was discovered using a machine-learning approach (Teper et al., 2016).

XopAK, fused to the AvrBs2 reporter, was shown to translocate into plant cells in an hrpF-dependent manner (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

Disease severity, ion leakage, chlorophyll content of pepper plants inoculated with a mutant strain obtained by insertion mutagenesis of xopAK and in planta bacterial growth were not affected as compared to plants inoculated with the parent strain X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Xcv) 85-10 (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

XopAK has been predicted to be a deamidase (Teper et al., 2016).

Unknown.

Yes (e.g., X. citri, X. euvesicatoria, X. oryzae, X. translucens) (Barak et al., 2016; Teper et al., 2016)

Yes (e.g., Pseudomonas syringae effector HopK1, Ralstonia solanacearum (Petnicki-Ocwieja et al., 2002; He et al., 2004; Li et al., 2014; Schechter et al., 2004; Teper et al., 2016)

Barak JD, Vancheva T, Lefeuvre P, Jones JB, Timilsina S, Minsavage GV, Vallad GE, Koebnik R (2016). Whole-genome sequences of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strains clarify taxonomy and reveal a stepwise erosion of type 3 effectors. Front. Plant Sci. 7: 1805. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01805

He P, Chintamanani S, Chen Z, Zhu L, Kunkel BN, Alfano JR, Tang X, Zhou JM (2004). Activation of a COI1-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis by Pseudomonas syringae type III effectors and coronatine. Plant J. 37: 589-602. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2003.01986.x

Li G, Froehlich JE, Elowsky C, Msanne J, Ostosh AC, Zhang C, Awada T, Alfano JR (2014). Distinct Pseudomonas type-III effectors use a cleavable transit peptide to target chloroplasts. Plant J. 77: 310-321. DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12396

Petnicki-Ocwieja T, Schneider DJ, Tam VC, Chancey ST, Shan L, Jamir Y, Schechter LM, Janes MD, Buell CR, Tang X, Collmer A, Alfano JR (2002). Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 7652-7657. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.112183899

Schechter LM, Roberts KA, Jamir Y, Alfano JR, Collmer A (2004). Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system targeting signals and novel effectors studied with a Cya translocation reporter. J. Bacteriol. 186: 543-555. DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.2.543-555.2004

Teper D, Burstein D, Salomon D, Gershovitz M, Pupko T, Sessa G (2016). Identification of novel Xanthomonas euvesicatoria type III effector proteins by a machine‐learning approach. Mol. Plant Pathol. 17: 398-411. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12288